---
title: There are seven continents: Asia, Africa, North America, South Ameri… — Continents and oceans · tree and pragmatics
description: There are seven continents: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe and Australia. Who acts: seven continents. A sentence of the lesson «Continents and oceans» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Continents and oceans, sentence 9

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There are seven continents: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe and Australia.

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**Who acts:** seven continents · **What happens:** be

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Continents and oceans» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (seven continents), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:042-continents-and-oceans.lesson:9
# text = There are seven continents: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe and Australia.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 042-continents-and-oceans.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R3-conj-first ×1
1	There	there	PRON	EX	_	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	continents	continent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
6	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	Antarctica	Antarctica	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=18:cc
20	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=18:conj
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | seven continents |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:042-continents-and-oceans.lesson:9`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R3-conj-first ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Continents and oceans, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/42-continents-and-oceans/8/)
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- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/42-continents-and-oceans/)