--- title: The outer shell of the Earth is not one piece: it is broken into hug… — Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is… · tree and pragmatics description: The outer shell of the Earth is not one piece: it is broken into huge slabs called plates, which float on hot soft rock and move a few centimetres a year, about as fast as your fingernails grow. Who acts: outer shell, huge slabs, fingernails. A sentence of the lesson «Mountains, rivers and seas, and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/43-landforms/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Mountains, rivers and seas, and how th…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/43-landforms/) / 0 # Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped, sentence 0 The outer shell of the Earth is not one piece: it is broken into huge slabs called plates, which float on hot soft rock and move a few centimetres a year, about as fast as your fingernails grow. **Who acts:** outer shell, huge slabs, fingernails · **What happens:** not be, break, call, float, move, grow · **To what, where:** one piece, shell, huge slabs, plates, hot soft rock, few centimetres · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (outer shell, huge slabs, fingernails), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:043-landforms.lesson:0 # text = The outer shell of the Earth is not one piece: it is broken into huge slabs called plates, which float on hot soft rock and move a few centimetres a year, about as fast as your fingernails grow. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 043-landforms.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 outer outer ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 shell shell NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _ 4 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 Earth Earth PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nmod _ _ 7 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 cop _ _ 8 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 10 advmod _ _ 9 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 10 nummod _ _ 10 piece piece NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 11 : : PUNCT : _ 14 punct _ _ 12 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj:pass _ _ 13 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 aux:pass _ _ 14 broken break VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 10 parataxis _ _ 15 into into ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 huge huge ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 17 slabs slab NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obl _ _ 18 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 17 acl _ _ 19 plates plate NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=18:obj 20 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 21 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 22 nsubj _ _ 22 float float VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 acl:relcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=19:acl:relcl 23 on on ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 24 hot hot ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 25 soft soft ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 26 rock rock NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=22:nmod 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 28 move move VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=22:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 29 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 30 few few ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 31 centimetres centimetre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 obj _ _ 32 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 year year NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nmod:unmarked _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 35 about about ADV RB _ 37 advmod _ _ 36 as as ADV RB _ 37 advmod _ _ 37 fast fast ADV RB Degree=Pos 28 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=28:advcl|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 38 as as SCONJ IN _ 41 mark _ _ 39 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 40 nmod:poss _ _ 40 fingernails fingernail NOUN NNS Number=Plur 41 nsubj _ _ 41 grow grow VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 37 advcl _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **is a** | present | the outer shell of the Earth | one piece | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **break** | present · passive | | shell | | | | into huge slabs *result* | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: subject=Patient into slab=Result | | 3 | **call** | participle | huge slabs *not said here* | plates | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **float** | present | huge slabs | | | hot soft rock | | | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on rock=Trajectory | | 5 | **move** | present | huge slabs *not said here* | a few centimetres a year | | | | fast *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent centimetre=Theme | | 6 | **grow** | present | your fingernails | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:043-landforms.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Continents and oceans, 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/42-continents-and-oceans/20/) - next →: [Mountains, rivers and seas, and how th…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/43-landforms/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/43-landforms/)