---
title: A river starts at its source and ends at its mouth, where it flows i… — Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is… · tree and pragmatics
description: A river starts at its source and ends at its mouth, where it flows into a sea, a lake or another river. Who acts: river. A sentence of the lesson «Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every
---

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# Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped, sentence 11

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A river starts at its source and ends at its mouth, where it flows into a sea, a lake or another river.

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**Who acts:** river · **What happens:** start, end, flow · **To what, where:** source, mouth, sea

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (river), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:043-landforms.lesson:11
# text = A river starts at its source and ends at its mouth, where it flows into a sea, a lake or another river.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 043-landforms.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	starts	start	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	source	source	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	ends	end	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	15	advmod	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	flows	flow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
16	into	into	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
22	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	24	det	_	_
24	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=21:conj
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | present | a river |  |  | river's source |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **end** | present | a river *not said here* |  |  | river's mouth |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **flow** | present | river |  |  | a sea and a lake or another river |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:043-landforms.lesson:11`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Mountains, rivers and seas, and how th…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/43-landforms/10/)
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