---
title: Over thousands of years a river cuts a valley into the land with the… — Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is… · tree and pragmatics
description: Over thousands of years a river cuts a valley into the land with the sand and stones it carries. Who acts: river. A sentence of the lesson «Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause
---

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# Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped, sentence 12

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Over thousands of years a river cuts a valley into the land with the sand and stones it carries.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** river · **What happens:** cut, carry · **To what, where:** valley, thousands, sand

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (river), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:043-landforms.lesson:12
# text = Over thousands of years a river cuts a valley into the land with the sand and stones it carries.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 043-landforms.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2
1	Over	over	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	thousands	thousand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	cuts	cut	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	into	into	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:nmod
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	carries	carry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=17:acl:relcl
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | present | a river | a valley |  | thousands of years |  | into the land *result*; with the sand and stones | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP PP.result PP.instrument»: agent=Agent valley=Patient into land=Result with sand=Instrument |
| 2 | **carry** | present | river | the sand and stones *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sand=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:043-landforms.lesson:12`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Mountains, rivers and seas, and how th…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/43-landforms/11/)
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- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/43-landforms/)