---
title: A lake is a body of water lying in a hollow of the land, and most la… — Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is… · tree and pragmatics
description: A lake is a body of water lying in a hollow of the land, and most lakes have fresh water. Who acts: lake, body, most lakes. A sentence of the lesson «Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ev
---

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# Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped, sentence 14

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lake is a body of water lying in a hollow of the land, and most lakes have fresh water.

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**Who acts:** lake, body, most lakes · **What happens:** be, lie, have · **To what, where:** body, hollow, fresh water

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lake, body, most lakes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:043-landforms.lesson:14
# text = A lake is a body of water lying in a hollow of the land, and most lakes have fresh water.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 043-landforms.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	hollow	hollow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	18	amod	_	_
18	lakes	lake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
19	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
20	fresh	fresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a lake | a body |  |  |  | of water | tree rules |
| 2 | **lie** | gerund | a body *not said here* |  |  | a hollow of the land |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in hollow=Location |
| 3 | **have** | present | most lakes | fresh water |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:043-landforms.lesson:14`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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