---
title: Wind, rain, ice and frost slowly break rocks into smaller pieces; th… — Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is… · tree and pragmatics
description: Wind, rain, ice and frost slowly break rocks into smaller pieces; this is called weathering. Who acts: Wind. A sentence of the lesson «Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped, sentence 16

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Wind, rain, ice and frost slowly break rocks into smaller pieces; this is called weathering.

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**Who acts:** Wind · **What happens:** break, call · **To what, where:** rocks, smaller pieces, this · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Wind), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:043-landforms.lesson:16
# text = Wind, rain, ice and frost slowly break rocks into smaller pieces; this is called weathering.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 043-landforms.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	frost	frost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=5:conj
8	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	break	break	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
11	into	into	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	13	amod	_	_
13	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=9:conj
18	weathering	weathering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	xcomp	_	_
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | present | Wind and rain and ice and frost | rocks |  |  |  | into smaller pieces *result*; slowly *property* | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent rock=Patient into piece=Result |
| 2 | **call** | present · passive |  | this |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:043-landforms.lesson:16`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Mountains, rivers and seas, and how th…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/43-landforms/15/)
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