--- title: A lake is water resting in a hollow of the land, a sea is a part of… — Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is… · tree and pragmatics description: A lake is water resting in a hollow of the land, a sea is a part of the ocean partly closed by land, and a river is water flowing downhill in a channel from its source to its mouth. Who acts: lake, water, sea, river. A sentence of the lesson «Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped» o --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/43-landforms/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Mountains, rivers and seas, and how th…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/43-landforms/) / 4 # Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped, sentence 4 A lake is water resting in a hollow of the land, a sea is a part of the ocean partly closed by land, and a river is water flowing downhill in a channel from its source to its mouth. **Who acts:** lake, water, sea, river · **What happens:** be, rest, close, flow · **To what, where:** water, hollow, part, channel This is a sentence of the lesson «Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lake, water, sea, river), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:043-landforms.lesson:4 # text = A lake is water resting in a hollow of the land, a sea is a part of the ocean partly closed by land, and a river is water flowing downhill in a channel from its source to its mouth. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 043-landforms.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 lake lake NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 4 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 conj _ _ 5 resting rest VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 4 acl _ _ 6 in in ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 hollow hollow NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 9 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=14:punct 13 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ _ 15 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 cop _ _ 16 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 part part NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 18 of of ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 ocean ocean NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 nmod _ _ 21 partly partly ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ _ 22 closed close VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 17 acl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=20:acl 23 by by ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obl _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 27 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 river river NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ _ 29 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 30 cop _ _ 30 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 conj _ _ 31 flowing flow VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 30 acl _ _ 32 downhill downhill ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 33 in in ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 channel channel NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obl _ _ 36 from from ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 37 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 38 nmod:poss _ _ 38 source source NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 nmod _ _ 39 to to ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 40 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 41 nmod:poss _ _ 41 mouth mouth NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 nmod _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=17:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | a lake | water | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **rest** | gerund | water *not said here* | | | a hollow of the land | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in hollow=Location | | 3 | **is a** | present | a sea | a part and water and water | | | | of the ocean | tree rules | | 4 | **close** | participle | | a part and water and water *not said here* | | | | by land; partly *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 5 | **is a** | present | a river | water | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **flow** | gerund | water *not said here* | | | a channel from river's source to river's mouth | | downhill *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in channel=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:043-landforms.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Mountains, rivers and seas, and how th…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/43-landforms/3/) - next →: [Mountains, rivers and seas, and how th…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/43-landforms/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/43-landforms/)