---
title: Forty-eight states lie together between Canada and Mexico, from the… — The United States and its states · tree and pragmatics
description: Forty-eight states lie together between Canada and Mexico, from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west; Alaska lies far to the north-west next to Canada, and Hawaii is a chain of volcanic islands in the middle of the Pacific. Who acts: eight states, Alaska, Hawaii. A sentenc
---

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# The United States and its states, sentence 1

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Forty-eight states lie together between Canada and Mexico, from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west; Alaska lies far to the north-west next to Canada, and Hawaii is a chain of volcanic islands in the middle of the Pacific.

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**Who acts:** eight states, Alaska, Hawaii · **What happens:** lie, be · **To what, where:** Atlantic Ocean, chain

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The United States and its states» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (eight states, Alaska, Hawaii), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:044-the-usa-and-its-states.lesson:1
# text = Forty-eight states lie together between Canada and Mexico, from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west; Alaska lies far to the north-west next to Canada, and Hawaii is a chain of volcanic islands in the middle of the Pacific.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 044-the-usa-and-its-states.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2
1	Forty	forty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	compound	_	_
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	_
3	eight	eight	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	states	state	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	lie	lie	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=0:root|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf
6	together	together	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	between	between	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	Mexico	Mexico	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	Atlantic	Atlantic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	Ocean	Ocean	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	east	east	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	Pacific	Pacific	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	Ocean	Ocean	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	west	west	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	nmod	_	_
26	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	Alaska	Alaska	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
28	lies	lie	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
29	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	28	advmod	_	_
30	to	to	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
33	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	35	punct	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=35:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:,:_
34	west	west	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	_
35	next	next	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
36	to	to	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	_
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
40	Hawaii	Hawaii	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	43	nsubj	_	_
41	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	43	cop	_	_
42	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	chain	chain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
44	of	of	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
45	volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	46	amod	_	_
46	islands	island	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	nmod	_	_
47	in	in	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
48	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
49	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	nmod	_	_
50	of	of	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
51	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	52	det	_	_
52	Pacific	Pacific	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	49	nmod	_	_
53	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie** | present | eight states |  |  | the Atlantic Ocean |  | between Canada and Mexico; in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west; together *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent between canada=Location |
| 2 | **lie** | present | Alaska |  |  |  |  | far, next *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | present | Hawaii | a chain |  |  |  | of volcanic islands in the middle of the Pacific | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:044-the-usa-and-its-states.lesson:1`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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