--- title: Australia and New Zealand are in the Southern Hemisphere, so their s… — The UK, Ireland, Canada, Australia and New Zealand · tree and pragmatics description: Australia and New Zealand are in the Southern Hemisphere, so their seasons are upside down: when the north half of the Earth is tilted towards the Sun in July, the south half is tilted away, so July is winter in Melbourne and Christmas comes in the summer, often at the beach. Who acts: Australia, se --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/45-uk-ireland-canada-australia-nz/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [The UK, Ireland, Canada, Australia and…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/45-uk-ireland-canada-australia-nz/) / 5 # The UK, Ireland, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, sentence 5 Australia and New Zealand are in the Southern Hemisphere, so their seasons are upside down: when the north half of the Earth is tilted towards the Sun in July, the south half is tilted away, so July is winter in Melbourne and Christmas comes in the summer, often at the beach. **Who acts:** Australia, seasons, July, Christmas · **What happens:** be, tilt, tilt away, come · **To what, where:** Southern Hemisphere, upside, north half, south half, winter, Melbourne This is a sentence of the lesson «The UK, Ireland, Canada, Australia and New Zealand» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Australia, seasons, July, Christmas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:045-uk-ireland-canada-australia-nz.lesson:5 # text = Australia and New Zealand are in the Southern Hemisphere, so their seasons are upside down: when the north half of the Earth is tilted towards the Sun in July, the south half is tilted away, so July is winter in Melbourne and Christmas comes in the summer, often at the beach. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 045-uk-ireland-canada-australia-nz.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Australia Australia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 2 and and CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _ 3 New New PROPN NNP _ 4 flat _ _ 4 Zealand Zealand PROPN NNP Number=Sing 1 conj _ _ 5 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 cop _ _ 6 in in ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 Southern southern ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 Hemisphere hemisphere NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 11 so so ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ _ 12 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ _ 13 seasons season NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 nsubj _ _ 14 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 cop _ _ 15 upside upside NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 conj _ _ 16 down down ADP RP _ 15 compound:prt _ _ 17 : : PUNCT : _ 26 punct _ _ 18 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 26 advmod _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 20 north north ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 half half NOUN NN Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac 26 nsubj:pass _ _ 22 of of ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 Earth Earth PROPN NNP Number=Sing 21 nmod _ _ 25 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 aux:pass _ _ 26 tilted tilt VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 15 advcl _ _ 27 towards towards ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 Sun Sun PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 obl _ _ 30 in in ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 July July PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 obl _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 34 south south ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 amod _ _ 35 half half NOUN NN Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac 37 nsubj:pass _ _ 36 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 37 aux:pass _ _ 37 tilted tilt VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 26 conj _ _ 38 away away ADV RB _ 37 advmod _ _ 39 , , PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 40 so so ADV RB _ 43 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=43:mark|HaikuPos=SCONJ:IN:_ 41 July July PROPN NNP Number=Sing 43 nsubj _ _ 42 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 43 cop _ _ 43 winter winter NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=37:advcl 44 in in ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 45 Melbourne Melbourne PROPN NNP Number=Sing 43 nmod _ _ 46 and and CCONJ CC _ 48 cc _ _ 47 Christmas Christmas PROPN NNP Number=Sing 48 nsubj _ _ 48 comes come VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 43 conj _ _ 49 in in ADP IN _ 51 case _ _ 50 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 51 det _ _ 51 summer summer NOUN NN Number=Sing 48 obl _ _ 52 , , PUNCT , _ 56 punct _ _ 53 often often ADV RB _ 56 advmod _ _ 54 at at ADP IN _ 56 case _ _ 55 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 56 det _ _ 56 beach beach NOUN NN Number=Sing 48 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=43:conj 57 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | Australia and New Zealand | | | the Southern Hemisphere and upside | | | tree rules | | 2 | **is a** | present | Hemisphere's seasons | upside | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **tilt** | present · passive | | the north half of the Earth | | | july | towards the Sun | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | | 4 | **tilt away** | present · passive | | the south half | | | | away *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | | 5 | **is a** | present | July | winter | | Melbourne | | | tree rules | | 6 | **come** | present | Christmas | | | the beach | summer | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at beach=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:045-uk-ireland-canada-australia-nz.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The UK, Ireland, Canada, Australia and…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/45-uk-ireland-canada-australia-nz/3/) - next →: [The UK, Ireland, Canada, Australia and…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/45-uk-ireland-canada-australia-nz/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/45-uk-ireland-canada-australia-nz/)