--- title: Because Australia and New Zealand were cut off by the sea for millio… — The UK, Ireland, Canada, Australia and New Zealand · tree and pragmatics description: Because Australia and New Zealand were cut off by the sea for millions of years, they have animals found nowhere else: kangaroos and koalas, which carry their babies in pouches, the egg-laying platypus, and in New Zealand the kiwi, a bird that cannot fly. Who acts: sea, millions, kangaroos, bird. A --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/45-uk-ireland-canada-australia-nz/6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [The UK, Ireland, Canada, Australia and…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/45-uk-ireland-canada-australia-nz/) / 6 # The UK, Ireland, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, sentence 6 Because Australia and New Zealand were cut off by the sea for millions of years, they have animals found nowhere else: kangaroos and koalas, which carry their babies in pouches, the egg-laying platypus, and in New Zealand the kiwi, a bird that cannot fly. **Who acts:** sea, millions, kangaroos, bird · **What happens:** cut off, have, find, carry, lay, not fly · **To what, where:** Australia, animals, babies, pouches This is a sentence of the lesson «The UK, Ireland, Canada, Australia and New Zealand» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sea, millions, kangaroos, bird), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:045-uk-ireland-canada-australia-nz.lesson:6 # text = Because Australia and New Zealand were cut off by the sea for millions of years, they have animals found nowhere else: kangaroos and koalas, which carry their babies in pouches, the egg-laying platypus, and in New Zealand the kiwi, a bird that cannot fly. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 045-uk-ireland-canada-australia-nz.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Because because SCONJ IN _ 7 mark _ _ 2 Australia Australia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 and and CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _ 4 New New PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 flat _ _ 5 Zealand Zealand PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 conj _ _ 6 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 aux:pass _ _ 7 cut cut VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 18 advcl _ _ 8 off off ADP RP _ 7 compound:prt _ _ 9 by by ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 12 for for ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 millions million NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=11:nmod 14 of of ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 nmod _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 17 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 18 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 19 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obj _ _ 20 found find VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 19 acl _ _ 21 nowhere nowhere ADV RB PronType=Neg 20 advmod _ _ 22 else else ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 23 : : PUNCT : _ 24 punct _ _ 24 kangaroos kangaroo NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 appos _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=19:nmod 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 26 koalas koala NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 conj _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 28 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 29 nsubj _ _ 29 carry carry VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 acl:relcl _ _ 30 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ _ 31 babies baby NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 obj _ _ 32 in in ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 pouches pouch NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 obl _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 36 egg egg NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 compound _ _ 37 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 36 punct _ _ 38 laying lay VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 39 amod _ _ 39 platypus platypus NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 conj _ _ 40 , , PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ _ 41 and and CCONJ CC _ 46 cc _ _ 42 in in ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 43 New New PROPN NNP Number=Sing 44 flat _ _ 44 Zealand Zealand PROPN NNP Number=Sing 46 nmod _ _ 45 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 46 det _ _ 46 kiwi kiwi NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=18:parataxis 47 , , PUNCT , _ 49 punct _ _ 48 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 49 det _ _ 49 bird bird NOUN NN Number=Sing 46 appos _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=46:conj 50 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 53 nsubj _ _ 51 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 53 aux _ _ 52 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 53 advmod _ _ 53 fly fly VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 49 acl:relcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=46:acl:relcl 54 . . PUNCT . _ 18 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **cut off** | past · passive | the sea | Australia and New Zealand | | | | for millions of years | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector subject=Eventuality | | 2 | **have** | present | millions *= million* | animals | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Patient | | 3 | **find** | participle | | animals *not said here* | | | | nowhere *property* | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **carry** | present | kangaroos and koalas and the laying platypus and the kiwi in New Zealand | millions's babies | | pouches | | | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent baby=Value in pouch=Location | | 5 | **lay** | gerund | | | | | | | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **not** **fly** | can | a bird | | | | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:045-uk-ireland-canada-australia-nz.lesson:6`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The UK, Ireland, Canada, Australia and…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/45-uk-ireland-canada-australia-nz/5/) - next →: [The UK, Ireland, Canada, Australia and…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/45-uk-ireland-canada-australia-nz/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/45-uk-ireland-canada-australia-nz/)