---
title: Mandarin Chinese has the most native speakers of any language. — Countries, peoples and languages of the world · tree and pragmatics
description: Mandarin Chinese has the most native speakers of any language. Who acts: Mandarin Chinese. A sentence of the lesson «Countries, peoples and languages of the world» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Countries, peoples and languages of the world, sentence 11

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mandarin Chinese has the most native speakers of any language.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Mandarin Chinese · **What happens:** have · **To what, where:** native speakers

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Countries, peoples and languages of the world» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mandarin Chinese), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:046-countries-peoples-languages.lesson:11
# text = Mandarin Chinese has the most native speakers of any language.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 046-countries-peoples-languages.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Mandarin	Mandarin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Chinese	Chinese	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	6	advmod	_	_
6	native	native	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	speakers	speaker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	10	det	_	_
10	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Mandarin Chinese | the native speakers of any language |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent speaker=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:046-countries-peoples-languages.lesson:11`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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