--- title: English is the language most widely learned as a second language. — Countries, peoples and languages of the world · tree and pragmatics description: English is the language most widely learned as a second language. Who acts: English. A sentence of the lesson «Countries, peoples and languages of the world» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/46-countries-peoples-languages/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Countries, peoples and languages of th…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/46-countries-peoples-languages/) / 12 # Countries, peoples and languages of the world, sentence 12 English is the language most widely learned as a second language. **Who acts:** English · **What happens:** be, learn · **To what, where:** language This is a sentence of the lesson «Countries, peoples and languages of the world» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (English), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:046-countries-peoples-languages.lesson:12 # text = English is the language most widely learned as a second language. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 046-countries-peoples-languages.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 English English PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 language language NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 5 most most ADV RBS Degree=Sup 6 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=7:advmod 6 widely widely ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ _ 7 learned learn VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 acl _ _ 8 as as ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 10 second second ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 11 amod _ _ 11 language language NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 12 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | English | the language | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **learn** | participle | | the language *not said here* | | | | as a second language; widely *property* | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:046-countries-peoples-languages.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Countries, peoples and languages of th…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/46-countries-peoples-languages/11/) - next →: [Countries, peoples and languages of th…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/46-countries-peoples-languages/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/46-countries-peoples-languages/)