---
title: Fossil fuels are non-renewable: once burned they cannot be made agai… — Natural resources and why we must save them · tree and pragmatics
description: Fossil fuels are non-renewable: once burned they cannot be made again in a human lifetime. Who acts: Fossil fuels. A sentence of the lesson «Natural resources and why we must save them» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Natural resources and why we must save them, sentence 10

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Fossil fuels are non-renewable: once burned they cannot be made again in a human lifetime.

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**Who acts:** Fossil fuels · **What happens:** be, burn, not make · **To what, where:** fuels, human lifetime

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Natural resources and why we must save them» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Fossil fuels), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:047-natural-resources.lesson:10
# text = Fossil fuels are non-renewable: once burned they cannot be made again in a human lifetime.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 047-natural-resources.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Fossil	fossil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	fuels	fuel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	non-renewable	non-renewable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	once	once	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	burned	burn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	advcl	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
11	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	parataxis	_	_
13	again	again	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	lifetime	lifetime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Fossil fuels |  |  |  |  | non-renewable *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **burn** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | once *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **make** | can · passive |  | fuels *= fuel* |  | a human lifetime | again |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:047-natural-resources.lesson:10`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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