---
title: Stonehenge in England was begun by early farmers about 5,000 years a… — Time and history: the timeline and how people li… · tree and pragmatics
description: Stonehenge in England was begun by early farmers about 5,000 years ago. Who acts: early farmers. A sentence of the lesson «Time and history: the timeline and how people lived long ago» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Time and history: the timeline and how people lived long ago, sentence 11

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Stonehenge in England was begun by early farmers about 5,000 years ago.

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**Who acts:** early farmers · **What happens:** begin · **To what, where:** Stonehenge

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Time and history: the timeline and how people lived long ago» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (early farmers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:048-time-and-history.lesson:11
# text = Stonehenge in England was begun by early farmers about 5,000 years ago.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 048-time-and-history.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2
1	Stonehenge	Stonehenge	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	begun	begin	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	farmers	farmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	about	about	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	5,000	5000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl:unmarked	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:obl:unmarked
12	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=11:advmod
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past · passive | early farmers | Stonehenge in England |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Eventuality |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:048-time-and-history.lesson:11`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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