---
title: Writing was invented about 5,000 years ago in Mesopotamia, in the la… — Time and history: the timeline and how people li… · tree and pragmatics
description: Writing was invented about 5,000 years ago in Mesopotamia, in the land between two rivers in the Middle East. A sentence of the lesson «Time and history: the timeline and how people lived long ago» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clau
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/48-time-and-history/13/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Time and history: the timeline and how…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/48-time-and-history/) / 13

# Time and history: the timeline and how people lived long ago, sentence 13

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Writing was invented about 5,000 years ago in Mesopotamia, in the land between two rivers in the Middle East.

<!-- .vintro -->
**What happens:** invent · **To what, where:** Writing, Mesopotamia

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Time and history: the timeline and how people lived long ago» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:048-time-and-history.lesson:13
# text = Writing was invented about 5,000 years ago in Mesopotamia, in the land between two rivers in the Middle East.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 048-time-and-history.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	invented	invent	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	about	about	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_
5	5,000	5000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl:unmarked	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:obl:unmarked
7	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:advmod
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Mesopotamia	Mesopotamia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
14	between	between	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	nummod	_	_
16	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	Middle	Middle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	East	East	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **invent** | past · passive |  | Writing |  | Mesopotamia |  | in the land between two rivers in the Middle East; ago *property* | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:048-time-and-history.lesson:13`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Time and history: the timeline and how…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/48-time-and-history/12/)
- next →: [Time and history: the timeline and how…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/48-time-and-history/14/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/48-time-and-history/)