---
title: Johannes Gutenberg began printing books with movable metal letters a… — Time and history: the timeline and how people li… · tree and pragmatics
description: Johannes Gutenberg began printing books with movable metal letters around 1450. Who acts: Johannes. A sentence of the lesson «Time and history: the timeline and how people lived long ago» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Time and history: the timeline and how people lived long ago, sentence 14

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Johannes Gutenberg began printing books with movable metal letters around 1450.

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**Who acts:** Johannes · **What happens:** begin, print · **To what, where:** books, 1450

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Time and history: the timeline and how people lived long ago» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Johannes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:048-time-and-history.lesson:14
# text = Johannes Gutenberg began printing books with movable metal letters around 1450.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 048-time-and-history.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Johannes	Johannes	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Gutenberg	Gutenberg	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	printing	print	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	movable	movable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
10	around	around	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	1450	1450	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	_
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | Johannes |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **print** | gerund | Johannes *not said here* | books |  | 1450 |  | with metal letters | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:048-time-and-history.lesson:14`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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