--- title: For most of history people hunted and gathered; about 10,000 years a… — Time and history: the timeline and how people li… · tree and pragmatics description: For most of history people hunted and gathered; about 10,000 years ago people began to farm, to keep animals and to live in villages; in Britain, farmers built the great stone circle of Stonehenge about 5,000 years ago, and in the Americas people learned to grow maize, a kind of corn, from a wild gr --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/48-time-and-history/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Time and history: the timeline and how…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/48-time-and-history/) / 3 # Time and history: the timeline and how people lived long ago, sentence 3 For most of history people hunted and gathered; about 10,000 years ago people began to farm, to keep animals and to live in villages; in Britain, farmers built the great stone circle of Stonehenge about 5,000 years ago, and in the Americas people learned to grow maize, a kind of corn, from a wild grass. **Who acts:** people, farmers · **What happens:** hunt, gather, begin, farm, keep, live · **To what, where:** animals, villages, great stone circle, Britain, Americas, maize This is a sentence of the lesson «Time and history: the timeline and how people lived long ago» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, farmers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:048-time-and-history.lesson:3 # text = For most of history people hunted and gathered; about 10,000 years ago people began to farm, to keep animals and to live in villages; in Britain, farmers built the great stone circle of Stonehenge about 5,000 years ago, and in the Americas people learned to grow maize, a kind of corn, from a wild grass. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 048-time-and-history.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 For for ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 6 obl _ _ 3 of of ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 history history NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 5 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ _ 6 hunted hunt VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 32 advcl _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 gathered gather VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 9 ; ; PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 10 about about ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 11 10,000 10000 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 12 nummod _ _ 12 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obl:unmarked _ _ 13 ago ago ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ _ 14 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 nsubj _ _ 15 began begin VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:conj 16 to to PART TO _ 17 mark _ _ 17 farm farm VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 15 xcomp _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 19 to to PART TO _ 20 mark _ _ 20 keep keep VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 17 conj _ _ 21 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obj _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 23 to to PART TO _ 24 mark _ _ 24 live live VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 20 conj _ _ 25 in in ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 villages village NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obl _ _ 27 ; ; PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 28 in in ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 Britain Britain PROPN NNP Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 31 farmers farmer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 nsubj _ _ 32 built build VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 34 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 36 amod _ _ 35 stone stone NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 compound _ _ 36 circle circle NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obj _ _ 37 of of ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 38 Stonehenge Stonehenge PROPN NNP Number=Sing 36 nmod _ _ 39 about about ADV RB _ 40 advmod _ _ 40 5,000 5000 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 41 nummod _ _ 41 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 42 obl:unmarked _ _ 42 ago ago ADV RB _ 32 advmod _ _ 43 , , PUNCT , _ 49 punct _ _ 44 and and CCONJ CC _ 49 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=32:cc 45 in in ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 46 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 47 det _ _ 47 Americas Americas PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 49 obl _ _ 48 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 49 nsubj _ _ 49 learned learn VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 32 conj _ _ 50 to to PART TO _ 51 mark _ _ 51 grow grow VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 49 xcomp _ _ 52 maize maize NOUN NN Number=Sing 51 obj _ _ 53 , , PUNCT , _ 55 punct _ _ 54 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 55 det _ _ 55 kind kind NOUN NN Number=Sing 52 appos _ _ 56 of of ADP IN _ 57 case _ _ 57 corn corn NOUN NN Number=Sing 55 nmod _ _ 58 , , PUNCT , _ 62 punct _ _ 59 from from ADP IN _ 62 case _ _ 60 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 62 det _ _ 61 wild wild ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 62 amod _ _ 62 grass grass NOUN NN Number=Sing 51 obl _ _ 63 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=32:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **hunt** | past | people | | | | | for most of history | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent for most=Theme | | 2 | **gather** | past | people *not said here* | | | | | | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **begin** | past | people | | | | | ago *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | | 4 | **farm** | to-infinitive | people *not said here* | | | | | | vn rear-26.2.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **keep** | to-infinitive | people *not said here* | animals | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Theme | | 6 | **live** | to-infinitive | people *not said here* | | | villages | | | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in village=Location | | 7 | **build** | past | farmers | the great stone circle of Stonehenge | | Britain | | ago *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent circle=Product | | 8 | **learn** | past | people | | | the Americas | | | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 9 | **grow** | to-infinitive | people *not said here* | maize | | a wild grass | | | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.product PP.material»: agent=Agent maize=Product from grass=Material | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:048-time-and-history.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Time and history: the timeline and how…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/48-time-and-history/2/) - next →: [Time and history: the timeline and how…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/48-time-and-history/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/48-time-and-history/)