--- title: Great inventions changed life: the wheel about 5,500 years ago, writ… — Time and history: the timeline and how people li… · tree and pragmatics description: Great inventions changed life: the wheel about 5,500 years ago, writing about 5,000 years ago in Mesopotamia, and printing with movable metal letters by Johannes Gutenberg around 1450, which made books cheap enough for many people to own. Who acts: Great inventions, printing, Johannes. A sentence of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/48-time-and-history/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Time and history: the timeline and how…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/48-time-and-history/) / 4 # Time and history: the timeline and how people lived long ago, sentence 4 Great inventions changed life: the wheel about 5,500 years ago, writing about 5,000 years ago in Mesopotamia, and printing with movable metal letters by Johannes Gutenberg around 1450, which made books cheap enough for many people to own. **Who acts:** Great inventions, printing, Johannes · **What happens:** change, write, make, own, print · **To what, where:** life, printing, Mesopotamia, books This is a sentence of the lesson «Time and history: the timeline and how people lived long ago» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Great inventions, printing, Johannes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:048-time-and-history.lesson:4 # text = Great inventions changed life: the wheel about 5,500 years ago, writing about 5,000 years ago in Mesopotamia, and printing with movable metal letters by Johannes Gutenberg around 1450, which made books cheap enough for many people to own. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 048-time-and-history.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2 1 Great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 inventions invention NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 changed change VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 life life NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 5 : : PUNCT : _ 7 punct _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 wheel wheel NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 appos _ _ 8 about about ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ _ 9 5,500 5,500 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 10 nummod _ _ 10 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obl:unmarked _ _ 11 ago ago ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 13 writing write VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 11 advcl _ _ 14 about about ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ _ 15 5,000 5,000 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 16 nummod _ _ 16 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obl:unmarked _ _ 17 ago ago ADV RB _ 13 advmod _ _ 18 in in ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 Mesopotamia Mesopotamia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 22 printing printing NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 23 with with ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 24 movable movable ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ _ 25 metal metal NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 compound _ _ 26 letters letter NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 nmod _ _ 27 by by ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 Johannes Johannes PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 nmod _ _ 29 Gutenberg Gutenberg PROPN NNP Number=Sing 28 flat _ _ 30 around around ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 1450 1450 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 22 nmod _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 33 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 34 nsubj _ _ 34 made make VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 22 acl:relcl _ _ 35 books book NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 obj _ _ 36 cheap cheap ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 xcomp _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=35:amod 37 enough enough ADV RB _ 36 advmod _ _ 38 for for SCONJ IN _ 42 mark _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=40:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 39 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 40 amod _ _ 40 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 obl _ _ 41 to to PART TO _ 42 mark _ _ 42 own own VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 40 acl _ _ 43 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **change** | past | Great inventions | life | | | | | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Patient | | 2 | **write** | gerund | Great inventions *not said here* | printing with metal letters by Johannes around 1450 | | Mesopotamia | | ago *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **make** | past | printing with metal letters by Johannes around 1450 | books | | | | cheap *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset book=Product | | 4 | **own** | to-infinitive | printing with metal letters by Johannes around 1450 *not said here* | | | | | | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot | | 5 | **print** | | Johannes | | | | | with metal letters | nom printing «communication transitive»: with=obl by=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:048-time-and-history.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Time and history: the timeline and how…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/48-time-and-history/3/) - next →: [Time and history: the timeline and how…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/48-time-and-history/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/48-time-and-history/)