--- title: Rivers flow to the sea because gravity pulls water downhill, and the… — Thinking like a geographer: rivers, mountains an… · tree and pragmatics description: Rivers flow to the sea because gravity pulls water downhill, and the sea is the lowest place it can reach; the sea does not overflow, because the Sun lifts just as much water from it by evaporation as the rivers bring. Who acts: Rivers, gravity, sea, Sun. A sentence of the lesson «Thinking like a ge --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/50-why-the-earth-is-so/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Thinking like a geographer: rivers, mo…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/50-why-the-earth-is-so/) / 0 # Thinking like a geographer: rivers, mountains and deserts, sentence 0 Rivers flow to the sea because gravity pulls water downhill, and the sea is the lowest place it can reach; the sea does not overflow, because the Sun lifts just as much water from it by evaporation as the rivers bring. **Who acts:** Rivers, gravity, sea, Sun · **What happens:** flow, pull, be, reach, not overflow, lift · **To what, where:** water, lowest place, much water, sea This is a sentence of the lesson «Thinking like a geographer: rivers, mountains and deserts» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rivers, gravity, sea, Sun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:050-why-the-earth-is-so.lesson:0 # text = Rivers flow to the sea because gravity pulls water downhill, and the sea is the lowest place it can reach; the sea does not overflow, because the Sun lifts just as much water from it by evaporation as the rivers bring. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 050-why-the-earth-is-so.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 Rivers Rivers NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 flow flow VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 to to ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 6 because because SCONJ IN ExtPos=ADP 8 mark _ _ 7 gravity gravity NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 8 pulls pull VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 advcl _ _ 9 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ _ 10 downhill downhill ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:advmod 11 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ _ 15 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 cop _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 17 lowest low ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 18 amod _ _ 18 place place NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 conj _ _ 19 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nsubj _ _ 20 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 21 aux _ _ 21 reach reach VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 18 acl:relcl _ _ 22 ; ; PUNCT : _ 27 punct _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ _ 25 does do AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 aux _ _ 26 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 27 advmod _ _ 27 overflow overflow VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 parataxis _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 29 because because SCONJ IN ExtPos=ADP 32 mark _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 Sun Sun PROPN NNP Number=Sing 32 nsubj _ _ 32 lifts lift VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 advcl _ _ 33 just just ADV RB _ 35 advmod _ _ 34 as as ADV RB _ 35 advmod _ _ 35 much much ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 36 amod _ _ 36 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obj _ _ 37 from from ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 38 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 obl _ _ 39 by by ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 40 evaporation evaporation NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 41 as as SCONJ IN _ 44 mark _ _ 42 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 43 det _ _ 43 rivers river NOUN NNS Number=Plur 44 nsubj _ _ 44 bring bring VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 32 advcl _ _ 45 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **flow** | present | Rivers | | | | | to the sea | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **pull** | present | gravity | water | | | | downhill *property* | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme | | 3 | **is a** | present | the sea | the lowest place | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **reach** | can | sea | the lowest place *not said here* | | | | | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent place=Theme | | 5 | **not** **overflow** | present · do-support | the sea | | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **lift** | present | the Sun | much water | | sea | | by evaporation | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent water=Theme from it=Destination by evaporation=Initial\_Location | | 7 | **bring** | present | the rivers | | | | | | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:050-why-the-earth-is-so.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Map reading puzzles, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/49-map-puzzles/15/) - next →: [Thinking like a geographer: rivers, mo…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/50-why-the-earth-is-so/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/50-why-the-earth-is-so/)