---
title: Cold sea currents along some coasts cool the air from below and keep… — Thinking like a geographer: rivers, mountains an… · tree and pragmatics
description: Cold sea currents along some coasts cool the air from below and keep it from rising, so little rain falls there. Who acts: Cold sea currents, little rain. A sentence of the lesson «Thinking like a geographer: rivers, mountains and deserts» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its depend
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/50-why-the-earth-is-so/12/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Thinking like a geographer: rivers, mo…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/50-why-the-earth-is-so/) / 12

# Thinking like a geographer: rivers, mountains and deserts, sentence 12

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cold sea currents along some coasts cool the air from below and keep it from rising, so little rain falls there.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Cold sea currents, little rain · **What happens:** cool, keep, rise, fall · **To what, where:** air

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Thinking like a geographer: rivers, mountains and deserts» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cold sea currents, little rain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:050-why-the-earth-is-so.lesson:12
# text = Cold sea currents along some coasts cool the air from below and keep it from rising, so little rain falls there.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 050-why-the-earth-is-so.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1
1	Cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	currents	current	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
4	along	along	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	coasts	coast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	cool	cool	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	below	below	ADV	RB	_	7	obl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	keep	keep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=7:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=16:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_
16	rising	rise	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	advcl	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=13:obl
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	so	so	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
19	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
21	falls	fall	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:conj
22	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	21	advmod	_	_
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cool** | present | Cold sea currents along some coasts | the air |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent air=Patient |
| 2 | **keep** | present | Cold sea currents along some coasts *not said here* | air |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 3 | **rise** | gerund | Cold sea currents along some coasts *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **fall** | present | little rain |  |  | there |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:050-why-the-earth-is-so.lesson:12`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Thinking like a geographer: rivers, mo…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/50-why-the-earth-is-so/9/)
- next →: [Thinking like a geographer: rivers, mo…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/50-why-the-earth-is-so/13/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/50-why-the-earth-is-so/)