--- title: Rain falls when moist air rises and cools; where air cannot rise, ra… — Thinking like a geographer: rivers, mountains an… · tree and pragmatics description: Rain falls when moist air rises and cools; where air cannot rise, rain does not fall, even beside an ocean: along the coasts of Chile and Namibia a cold sea current chills the air from below, the cool air stays low, and the Atacama and Namib deserts lie right next to the water. Who acts: Rain, moist --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/50-why-the-earth-is-so/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Thinking like a geographer: rivers, mo…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/50-why-the-earth-is-so/) / 3 # Thinking like a geographer: rivers, mountains and deserts, sentence 3 Rain falls when moist air rises and cools; where air cannot rise, rain does not fall, even beside an ocean: along the coasts of Chile and Namibia a cold sea current chills the air from below, the cool air stays low, and the Atacama and Namib deserts lie right next to the water. **Who acts:** Rain, moist air, air, cold sea current, cool air, Atacama deserts · **What happens:** fall, rise, cool, not rise, not fall, chill · **To what, where:** ocean, air This is a sentence of the lesson «Thinking like a geographer: rivers, mountains and deserts» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rain, moist air, air, cold sea current), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:050-why-the-earth-is-so.lesson:3 # text = Rain falls when moist air rises and cools; where air cannot rise, rain does not fall, even beside an ocean: along the coasts of Chile and Namibia a cold sea current chills the air from below, the cool air stays low, and the Atacama and Namib deserts lie right next to the water. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 050-why-the-earth-is-so.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 Rain rain NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 falls fall VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 when when SCONJ WRB _ 6 mark _ _ 4 moist moist ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 6 rises rise VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 advcl _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 cools cool VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 9 ; ; PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 10 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 14 advmod _ _ 11 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ _ 12 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 14 aux _ _ 13 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 14 advmod _ _ 14 rise rise VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 parataxis _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 16 rain rain NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ _ 17 does do AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 aux _ _ 18 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 19 advmod _ _ 19 fall fall VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 14 conj _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 21 even even ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 22 beside beside ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 ocean ocean NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 25 : : PUNCT : _ 28 punct _ _ 26 along along ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 coasts coast NOUN NNS Number=Plur 37 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=24:conj 29 of of ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 Chile Chile PROPN NNP Number=Sing 28 nmod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=28:nmod|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 32 Namibia namibia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 30 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=30:conj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 33 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 34 cold cold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 36 amod _ _ 35 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 compound _ _ 36 current current NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 nsubj _ _ 37 chills chill VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 conj _ _ 38 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 39 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obj _ _ 40 from from ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 41 below below ADV RB _ 37 obl _ _ 42 , , PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ _ 43 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 44 cool cool ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 45 amod _ _ 45 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 46 nsubj _ _ 46 stays stay VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 47 low low ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 46 xcomp _ _ 48 , , PUNCT , _ 55 punct _ _ 49 and and CCONJ CC _ 55 cc _ _ 50 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 54 det _ _ 51 Atacama Atacama PROPN NNP Number=Sing 54 compound _ _ 52 and and CCONJ CC _ 53 cc _ _ 53 Namib Namib PROPN NNP Number=Sing 51 conj _ _ 54 deserts desert NOUN NNS Number=Plur 55 nsubj _ _ 55 lie lie VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 56 right right ADV RB _ 57 advmod _ _ 57 next next ADV RB _ 55 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=60:advmod 58 to to ADP IN _ 60 case _ _ 59 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 60 det _ _ 60 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 55 obl _ _ 61 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **fall** | present | Rain | | | | | | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **rise** | present | moist air | | | | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **cool** | present | moist air *not said here* | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 4 | **not** **rise** | can | air | | | | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **not** **fall** | present · do-support | rain | | | a ocean | | | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme beside ocean=Location | | 6 | **chill** | present | a cold sea current | the air | | | | along the coasts of Chile and Namibia | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus air=Experiencer | | 7 | **stay** | present | the cool air | | | | | low *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 8 | **lie** | present | the Atacama deserts | | | | | to the water; next *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:050-why-the-earth-is-so.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Thinking like a geographer: rivers, mo…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/50-why-the-earth-is-so/2/) - next →: [Thinking like a geographer: rivers, mo…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/50-why-the-earth-is-so/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/50-why-the-earth-is-so/)