---
title: The Sun, a candle and a torch give off their own light, but the Moon… — Light, shadows and colours · tree and pragmatics
description: The Sun, a candle and a torch give off their own light, but the Moon only reflects sunlight. Who acts: Sun, Moon. A sentence of the lesson «Light, shadows and colours» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Light, shadows and colours, sentence 11

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The Sun, a candle and a torch give off their own light, but the Moon only reflects sunlight.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Sun, Moon · **What happens:** give off, reflect, light · **To what, where:** own light, sunlight

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Light, shadows and colours» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sun, Moon), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:053-light.lesson:11
# text = The Sun, a candle and a torch give off their own light, but the Moon only reflects sunlight.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 053-light.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	candle	candle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:appos
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	torch	torch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
9	give	give	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	off	off	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
12	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=9:obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=9:punct
15	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	Moon	Moon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=19:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing
18	only	only	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	reflects	reflect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
20	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give off** | present | the Sun and a candle and a torch | Sun's own light |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source light=Theme |
| 2 | **reflect** | present | the Moon | sunlight |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **light** |  | Sun |  |  |  |  |  | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:053-light.lesson:11`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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