---
title: An echo is a sound that bounces back from a hard surface. — Sound — vibrations, loudness, pitch and echoes · tree and pragmatics
description: An echo is a sound that bounces back from a hard surface. Who acts: echo, sound. A sentence of the lesson «Sound — vibrations, loudness, pitch and echoes» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/54-sound/16/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Sound — vibrations, loudness, pitch an…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/54-sound/) / 16

# Sound — vibrations, loudness, pitch and echoes, sentence 16

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An echo is a sound that bounces back from a hard surface.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** echo, sound · **What happens:** be, bounce back · **To what, where:** sound

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Sound — vibrations, loudness, pitch and echoes» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (echo, sound), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:054-sound.lesson:16
# text = An echo is a sound that bounces back from a hard surface.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 054-sound.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	echo	echo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	bounces	bounce	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	back	back	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a echo | a sound |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **bounce back** | present | a sound |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:054-sound.lesson:16`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Sound — vibrations, loudness, pitch an…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/54-sound/15/)
- next →: [Sound — vibrations, loudness, pitch an…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/54-sound/17/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/54-sound/)