--- title: The vibration shakes the air next to it, that air shakes the air nex… — Sound — vibrations, loudness, pitch and echoes · tree and pragmatics description: The vibration shakes the air next to it, that air shakes the air next to it, and so the sound travels outward until it reaches our ears and makes the eardrum vibrate too. Who acts: vibration, air, sound, eardrum. A sentence of the lesson «Sound — vibrations, loudness, pitch and echoes» of the world --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/54-sound/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Sound — vibrations, loudness, pitch an…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/54-sound/) / 2 # Sound — vibrations, loudness, pitch and echoes, sentence 2 The vibration shakes the air next to it, that air shakes the air next to it, and so the sound travels outward until it reaches our ears and makes the eardrum vibrate too. **Who acts:** vibration, air, sound, eardrum · **What happens:** shake, travel, reach, make, vibrate · **To what, where:** air, vibration, ears, eardrum This is a sentence of the lesson «Sound — vibrations, loudness, pitch and echoes» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (vibration, air, sound, eardrum), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:054-sound.lesson:2 # text = The vibration shakes the air next to it, that air shakes the air next to it, and so the sound travels outward until it reaches our ears and makes the eardrum vibrate too. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 054-sound.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 vibration vibration NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 shakes shake VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 6 next next ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 7 to to ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nmod _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 10 that that DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 11 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:mark|HaikuPos=SCONJ:IN:_ 11 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ _ 12 shakes shake VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obj _ _ 15 next next ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 16 to to ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nmod _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=3:cc 20 so so ADV RB _ 23 advmod _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 sound sound NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ _ 23 travels travel VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 24 outward outward ADV RB _ 23 advmod _ _ 25 until until SCONJ IN _ 27 mark _ _ 26 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nsubj _ _ 27 reaches reach VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 advcl _ _ 28 our our PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ _ 29 ears ear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obj _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 31 makes make VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 conj _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 eardrum eardrum NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obj _ _ 34 vibrate vibrate VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 31 xcomp _ _ 35 too too ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **shake** | present | the vibration | the air | | | | | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent air=Patient | | 2 | **shake** | present | that air | the air | | vibration | | to vibration | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent air=Theme to it=Trajectory | | 3 | **travel** | present | the sound | | | | | outward *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **reach** | present | sound | our ears | | | | | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent ear=Theme | | 5 | **make** | present | sound *not said here* | the eardrum | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **vibrate** | infinitive | the eardrum *not said here* | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:054-sound.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Sound — vibrations, loudness, pitch an…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/54-sound/1/) - next →: [Sound — vibrations, loudness, pitch an…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/54-sound/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/54-sound/)