---
title: Electricity only flows around a complete loop called a circuit: from… — Electricity — circuits, switches and safety · tree and pragmatics
description: Electricity only flows around a complete loop called a circuit: from one end of the battery, through the wires and a bulb, and back to the other end. Who acts: Electricity, complete loop. A sentence of the lesson «Electricity — circuits, switches and safety» of the world course of Mova's primary sch
---

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# Electricity — circuits, switches and safety, sentence 2

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Electricity only flows around a complete loop called a circuit: from one end of the battery, through the wires and a bulb, and back to the other end.

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**Who acts:** Electricity, complete loop · **What happens:** flow, call · **To what, where:** complete loop, circuit · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Electricity — circuits, switches and safety» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Electricity, complete loop), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:055-electricity.lesson:2
# text = Electricity only flows around a complete loop called a circuit: from one end of the battery, through the wires and a bulb, and back to the other end.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 055-electricity.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	only	only	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	flows	flow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	around	around	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	complete	complete	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	loop	loop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	circuit	circuit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	battery	battery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	through	through	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	wires	wire	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	bulb	bulb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	back	back	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
28	to	to	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flow** | present | Electricity |  |  | a complete loop |  | through the wires and a bulb | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme around loop=Location |
| 2 | **call** | participle | a complete loop *not said here* | a circuit |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent circuit=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:055-electricity.lesson:2`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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