---
title: Fossil fuels are non-renewable because they take millions of years t… — Energy — where it comes from and how to save it · tree and pragmatics
description: Fossil fuels are non-renewable because they take millions of years to form. Who acts: Fossil fuels, fuels. A sentence of the lesson «Energy — where it comes from and how to save it» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Energy — where it comes from and how to save it, sentence 14

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Fossil fuels are non-renewable because they take millions of years to form.

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**Who acts:** Fossil fuels, fuels · **What happens:** be, take, form · **To what, where:** millions

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Energy — where it comes from and how to save it» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Fossil fuels, fuels), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:056-energy.lesson:14
# text = Fossil fuels are non-renewable because they take millions of years to form.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 056-energy.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Fossil	fossil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	fuels	fuel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	non-renewable	non-renewable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	take	take	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
8	millions	million	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	form	form	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Fossil fuels |  |  |  |  | non-renewable *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **take** | present | fuels *= fuel* | millions of years |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent million=Theme |
| 3 | **form** | to-infinitive | fuels *= fuel* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:056-energy.lesson:14`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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