---
title: Smoke from vehicles, factories and burning rubbish pollutes the air. — Caring for the environment · tree and pragmatics
description: Smoke from vehicles, factories and burning rubbish pollutes the air. Who acts: Smoke. A sentence of the lesson «Caring for the environment» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Caring for the environment, sentence 10

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Smoke from vehicles, factories and burning rubbish pollutes the air.

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**Who acts:** Smoke · **What happens:** burn, pollute · **To what, where:** rubbish, air

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Caring for the environment» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Smoke), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:057-environment.lesson:10
# text = Smoke from vehicles, factories and burning rubbish pollutes the air.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 057-environment.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
2	from	from	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	factories	factory	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:appos
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
7	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	_
8	rubbish	rubbish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	pollutes	pollute	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burn** | gerund | Smoke from vehicles and factories *not said here* | rubbish |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent rubbish=Theme |
| 2 | **pollute** | present | Smoke from vehicles and factories | the air |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:057-environment.lesson:10`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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