---
title: The printing press made books cheaper and helped knowledge spread. — Inventions, computers and the internet · tree and pragmatics
description: The printing press made books cheaper and helped knowledge spread. Who acts: printing press. A sentence of the lesson «Inventions, computers and the internet» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Inventions, computers and the internet, sentence 14

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The printing press made books cheaper and helped knowledge spread.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** printing press · **What happens:** make, help, spread · **To what, where:** books

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Inventions, computers and the internet» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (printing press), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:059-inventions-computers-internet.lesson:14
# text = The printing press made books cheaper and helped knowledge spread.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 059-inventions-computers-internet.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	printing	printing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	press	press	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	cheaper	cheap	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	xcomp	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
9	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	spread	spread	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=8:obj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the printing press | books |  |  |  | cheap *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset book=Product |
| 2 | **help** | past | the printing press *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **spread** | infinitive | the printing press *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:059-inventions-computers-internet.lesson:14`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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