---
title: Shadows are longest when the Sun is low and shortest when it is high… — Thinking it through — forces, heat, light and en… · tree and pragmatics
description: Shadows are longest when the Sun is low and shortest when it is highest in the sky. Who acts: Shadows, Sun.. A sentence of the lesson «Thinking it through — forces, heat, light and energy» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Thinking it through — forces, heat, light and energy, sentence 12

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Shadows are longest when the Sun is low and shortest when it is highest in the sky.

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**Who acts:** Shadows, Sun. · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** sky

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Thinking it through — forces, heat, light and energy» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Shadows, Sun.), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:060-reasoning-energy-technology.lesson:12
# text = Shadows are longest when the Sun is low and shortest when it is highest in the sky.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 060-reasoning-energy-technology.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Shadows	shadow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
3	longest	long	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	8	advmod	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	shortest	short	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	8	conj	_	_
11	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	14	advmod	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	highest	high	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	10	advcl	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Shadows |  |  |  |  | long, low *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Shadows *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | Sun. *= sun* |  |  | the sky |  | high *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:060-reasoning-energy-technology.lesson:12`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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