---
title: Because light travels in straight lines, a shadow points away from t… — Thinking it through — forces, heat, light and en… · tree and pragmatics
description: Because light travels in straight lines, a shadow points away from the Sun. Who acts: light, shadow. A sentence of the lesson «Thinking it through — forces, heat, light and energy» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Thinking it through — forces, heat, light and energy, sentence 5

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Because light travels in straight lines, a shadow points away from the Sun.

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**Who acts:** light, shadow · **What happens:** travel, point away · **To what, where:** straight lines, Sun.

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Thinking it through — forces, heat, light and energy» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (light, shadow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:060-reasoning-energy-technology.lesson:5
# text = Because light travels in straight lines, a shadow points away from the Sun.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 060-reasoning-energy-technology.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Because	because	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=ADP	3	mark	_	_
2	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	travels	travel	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	straight	straight	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	lines	line	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	points	point	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	away	away	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	Sun.	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **travel** | present | light |  |  | straight lines |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in line=Trajectory |
| 2 | **point away** | present | a shadow |  |  | the Sun. |  | away *property* | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:060-reasoning-energy-technology.lesson:5`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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