--- title: Rocks are slowly recycled in the rock cycle: they are broken by weat… — Rocks, minerals and fossils · tree and pragmatics description: Rocks are slowly recycled in the rock cycle: they are broken by weathering, carried away as sand and mud, laid down in layers, buried, heated, and sometimes melted and pushed up again, over millions of years. Who acts: weathering. A sentence of the lesson «Rocks, minerals and fossils» of the world c --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/61-rocks-minerals-fossils/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Rocks, minerals and fossils](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/61-rocks-minerals-fossils/) / 3 # Rocks, minerals and fossils, sentence 3 Rocks are slowly recycled in the rock cycle: they are broken by weathering, carried away as sand and mud, laid down in layers, buried, heated, and sometimes melted and pushed up again, over millions of years. **Who acts:** weathering · **What happens:** recycle, break, carry away, lay down, bury, heat · **To what, where:** Rocks, rock cycle, layers, millions This is a sentence of the lesson «Rocks, minerals and fossils» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (weathering), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:061-rocks-minerals-fossils.lesson:3 # text = Rocks are slowly recycled in the rock cycle: they are broken by weathering, carried away as sand and mud, laid down in layers, buried, heated, and sometimes melted and pushed up again, over millions of years. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 061-rocks-minerals-fossils.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Rocks rock NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 3 slowly slowly ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 4 recycled recycle VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 in in ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 7 rock rock NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 compound _ _ 8 cycle cycle NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 9 : : PUNCT : _ 12 punct _ _ 10 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj:pass _ _ 11 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 aux:pass _ _ 12 broken break VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 parataxis _ _ 13 by by ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 weathering weathering NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 16 carried carry VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 12 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:parataxis|HaikuPos=VERB:VBD:Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 17 away away ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 18 as as ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 sand sand NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obl _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 21 mud mud NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 conj _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 23 laid lay VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 16 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=16:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VBD:Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 24 down down ADP RP _ 23 compound:prt _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=23:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 25 in in ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 layers layer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obl _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 28 buried bury VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 26 acl _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 30 heated heat VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 28 conj _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 33 sometimes sometimes ADV RB PronType=Ind 34 advmod _ _ 34 melted melt VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 parataxis _ _ 35 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 36 pushed push VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 34 conj _ _ 37 up up ADP RP _ 36 compound:prt _ _ 38 again again ADV RB _ 36 advmod _ _ 39 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 40 over over ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 41 millions million NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=34:obl 42 of of ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 43 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 41 nmod _ _ 44 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **recycle** | present · passive | | Rocks | | the rock cycle | | slowly *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **break** | present · passive | weathering | Rocks *= rock* | | | | | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer subject=Patient | | 3 | **carry away** | participle | weathering *not said here* | | | | | as sand and mud; away *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **lay down** | participle | weathering *not said here* | | | layers | | | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in layer=Destination | | 5 | **bury** | participle | | layers *not said here* | | | | | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **heat** | participle | | | | | | | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 7 | **melt** | participle | | | | | | sometimes *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 8 | **push up** | participle | | | | millions of years | again | | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent over million=Trajectory | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:061-rocks-minerals-fossils.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Rocks, minerals and fossils, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/61-rocks-minerals-fossils/1/) - next →: [Rocks, minerals and fossils, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/61-rocks-minerals-fossils/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/61-rocks-minerals-fossils/)