--- title: A fossil is the remains or trace of a living thing from long ago kep… — Rocks, minerals and fossils · tree and pragmatics description: A fossil is the remains or trace of a living thing from long ago kept in rock. Who acts: fossil. A sentence of the lesson «Rocks, minerals and fossils» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/61-rocks-minerals-fossils/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Rocks, minerals and fossils](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/61-rocks-minerals-fossils/) / 4 # Rocks, minerals and fossils, sentence 4 A fossil is the remains or trace of a living thing from long ago kept in rock. **Who acts:** fossil · **What happens:** be, live, keep · **To what, where:** remains, rock This is a sentence of the lesson «Rocks, minerals and fossils» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fossil), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:061-rocks-minerals-fossils.lesson:4 # text = A fossil is the remains or trace of a living thing from long ago kept in rock. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 061-rocks-minerals-fossils.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 fossil fossil NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 remains remains NOUN NNS Number=Ptan 0 root _ _ 6 or or CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 trace trace NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 conj _ _ 8 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 10 living live VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 11 amod _ _ 11 thing thing NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=7:nmod 12 from from ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 long long ADV RB Degree=Pos 14 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=15:obl 14 ago ago ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ _ 15 kept keep VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 acl _ _ 16 in in ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 rock rock NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obl _ _ 18 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=15:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | a fossil | the remains or trace | | | | of a living thing | tree rules | | 2 | **live** | gerund | | | | | | | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **keep** | participle | | the remains or trace *not said here* | | rock | | ago *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in rock=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:061-rocks-minerals-fossils.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Rocks, minerals and fossils, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/61-rocks-minerals-fossils/3/) - next →: [Rocks, minerals and fossils, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/61-rocks-minerals-fossils/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/61-rocks-minerals-fossils/)