---
title: Sedimentary rock forms from layers of sand, mud or shells pressed to… — Rocks, minerals and fossils · tree and pragmatics
description: Sedimentary rock forms from layers of sand, mud or shells pressed together; sandstone, limestone and chalk are sedimentary rocks. Who acts: Sedimentary rock forms. A sentence of the lesson «Rocks, minerals and fossils» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pra
---

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# Rocks, minerals and fossils, sentence 9

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Sedimentary rock forms from layers of sand, mud or shells pressed together; sandstone, limestone and chalk are sedimentary rocks.

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**Who acts:** Sedimentary rock forms · **What happens:** press, be · **To what, where:** shells, sedimentary rocks

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Rocks, minerals and fossils» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sedimentary rock forms), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:061-rocks-minerals-fossils.lesson:9
# text = Sedimentary rock forms from layers of sand, mud or shells pressed together; sandstone, limestone and chalk are sedimentary rocks.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 061-rocks-minerals-fossils.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1
1	Sedimentary	sedimentary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	forms	form	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	layers	layer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:conj
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	shells	shell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
12	pressed	press	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
13	together	together	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
15	sandstone	sandstone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	limestone	limestone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	chalk	chalk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=17:conj
20	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
21	sedimentary	sedimentary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	22	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **press** | participle |  | shells *not said here* |  |  |  | together *property* | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Sedimentary rock forms from layers of sand and mud or shells | sedimentary rocks |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:061-rocks-minerals-fossils.lesson:9`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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