--- title: Volcanoes and earthquakes up close — a lesson of Mova's school · trees and pragmatics description: «Volcanoes and earthquakes up close», a lesson of the world course of Mova's primary school, sentence by sentence with dependency trees and pragmatics. It begins: Under the Earth's thin rocky crust lies the mantle, hot rock that is solid but flows very slowly; the plates of the crust ride on it. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/62-volcanoes-and-earthquakes/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / Volcanoes and earthquakes up close # Volcanoes and earthquakes up close Lesson 62 of the world course of Mova's primary school: 22 sentences, each with its syntax tree and pragmatics. The lessons are written for Mova, and their agreed trees are part of Mova corpus 0.4 (CC BY-SA 4.0). How Mova does on its tests: [the lesson at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/62-volcanoes-and-earthquakes/). - [0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/62-volcanoes-and-earthquakes/0/) — Under the Earth's thin rocky crust lies the mantle, hot rock that is solid but flows very slowly; the plates of the crust ride on it. - [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/62-volcanoes-and-earthquakes/1/) — Most volcanoes and earthquakes happen along the edges of these plates, especially around the Pacific Ocean, a belt called the Ring of Fire. - [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/62-volcanoes-and-earthquakes/2/) — A volcano erupts when magma, which is lighter than the solid rock around it and full of dissolved gas, rises into a chamber under the mountain; as it nears the surface the gas comes out of it in bubbles, like the gas in a shaken bottle of fizzy drink when the cap comes off. - [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/62-volcanoes-and-earthquakes/3/) — Runny lava lets gas escape gently, so it flows out in rivers, as in Hawaii; thick, sticky lava traps the gas until it blasts out in an explosion of ash and rock, as at Mount Vesuvius, which buried the Roman town of Pompeii in the year 79. - [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/62-volcanoes-and-earthquakes/4/) — In an earthquake, rocks on both sides of a crack called a fault are pushed for years, bend a little, and then suddenly slip; the energy spreads out as waves through the ground. - [5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/62-volcanoes-and-earthquakes/5/) — The place underground where the slip starts is the focus, and the point on the surface right above it is the epicentre. - [6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/62-volcanoes-and-earthquakes/6/) — An earthquake under the sea can lift the sea floor and push up a huge wave called a tsunami, which crosses the ocean as fast as a jet plane; if the sea suddenly pulls far back from the beach, people must run to high ground at once. - [7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/62-volcanoes-and-earthquakes/7/) — The Earth has a thin rocky crust, a thick hot mantle and a very hot core in the middle. - [8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/62-volcanoes-and-earthquakes/8/) — Most volcanoes and earthquakes are found where the Earth's plates meet. - [9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/62-volcanoes-and-earthquakes/9/) — The Ring of Fire is a belt of many volcanoes and earthquakes around the Pacific Ocean; Japan, Indonesia and Chile lie on it. - [10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/62-volcanoes-and-earthquakes/10/) — Magma rises because it is lighter than the solid rock around it. - [11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/62-volcanoes-and-earthquakes/11/) — Gas trapped in sticky magma makes explosive eruptions; runny lava flows out more gently. - [12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/62-volcanoes-and-earthquakes/12/) — An active volcano has erupted in recent times and may erupt again; an extinct volcano is not expected to erupt ever again. - [13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/62-volcanoes-and-earthquakes/13/) — A fault is a crack in the Earth's crust where rocks can slip. - [14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/62-volcanoes-and-earthquakes/14/) — The epicentre is the point on the surface directly above where an earthquake starts. - [15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/62-volcanoes-and-earthquakes/15/) — Scientists measure earthquakes with instruments called seismometers. - [16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/62-volcanoes-and-earthquakes/16/) — A tsunami is a series of huge waves, usually caused by an earthquake under the sea. - [17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/62-volcanoes-and-earthquakes/17/) — Volcanic ash breaks down into very fertile soil, so many farms lie near volcanoes. - [18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/62-volcanoes-and-earthquakes/18/) — Nobody can yet predict the exact day of an earthquake, but strong buildings save many lives. - [19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/62-volcanoes-and-earthquakes/19/) — Buildings made to bend and sway a little stand up to earthquakes better than stiff brick ones. - [20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/62-volcanoes-and-earthquakes/20/) — Vesuvius had been quiet for so long that the people of Pompeii did not know it was a dangerous volcano. - [21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/62-volcanoes-and-earthquakes/21/) — Out in the deep ocean a tsunami is low, but in shallow water near the coast it slows down and piles up into a huge wave. - ← previous: [Rocks, minerals and fossils](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/61-rocks-minerals-fossils/) - next →: [Soil and what lives in it](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/63-soil-and-what-lives-in-it/) - ↑ back to [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/)