---
title: Most volcanoes and earthquakes happen along the edges of these plate… — Volcanoes and earthquakes up close · tree and pragmatics
description: Most volcanoes and earthquakes happen along the edges of these plates, especially around the Pacific Ocean, a belt called the Ring of Fire. Who acts: Most volcanoes. A sentence of the lesson «Volcanoes and earthquakes up close» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree an
---

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# Volcanoes and earthquakes up close, sentence 1

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Most volcanoes and earthquakes happen along the edges of these plates, especially around the Pacific Ocean, a belt called the Ring of Fire.

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**Who acts:** Most volcanoes · **What happens:** happen, call · **To what, where:** Pacific Ocean, belt · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Volcanoes and earthquakes up close» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Most volcanoes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:062-volcanoes-and-earthquakes.lesson:1
# text = Most volcanoes and earthquakes happen along the edges of these plates, especially around the Pacific Ocean, a belt called the Ring of Fire.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 062-volcanoes-and-earthquakes.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	amod	_	_
2	volcanoes	volcano	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	earthquakes	earthquake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	happen	happen	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	along	along	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	edges	edge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	11	det	_	_
11	plates	plate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
14	around	around	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	Pacific	Pacific	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	Ocean	Ocean	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=11:nmod
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	belt	belt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	appos	_	_
21	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	acl	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	Ring	ring	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	xcomp	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=21:obj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	Fire	Fire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | present | Most volcanoes and earthquakes |  |  | the Pacific Ocean |  | along the edges of this plates | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme along edge=Location |
| 2 | **call** | participle |  | a belt *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:062-volcanoes-and-earthquakes.lesson:1`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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