---
title: The epicentre is the point on the surface directly above where an ea… — Volcanoes and earthquakes up close · tree and pragmatics
description: The epicentre is the point on the surface directly above where an earthquake starts. Who acts: epicentre, earthquake. A sentence of the lesson «Volcanoes and earthquakes up close» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Volcanoes and earthquakes up close, sentence 14

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The epicentre is the point on the surface directly above where an earthquake starts.

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**Who acts:** epicentre, earthquake · **What happens:** be, start · **To what, where:** point, surface

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Volcanoes and earthquakes up close» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (epicentre, earthquake), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:062-volcanoes-and-earthquakes.lesson:14
# text = The epicentre is the point on the surface directly above where an earthquake starts.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 062-volcanoes-and-earthquakes.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	epicentre	epicentre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	point	point	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	directly	directly	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	above	above	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
11	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	14	advmod	_	_
12	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	earthquake	earthquake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	starts	start	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the epicentre | the point |  | the surface |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **start** | present | a earthquake |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:062-volcanoes-and-earthquakes.lesson:14`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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