---
title: Volcanic ash breaks down into very fertile soil, so many farms lie n… — Volcanoes and earthquakes up close · tree and pragmatics
description: Volcanic ash breaks down into very fertile soil, so many farms lie near volcanoes. Who acts: Volcanic ash, many farms. A sentence of the lesson «Volcanoes and earthquakes up close» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Volcanoes and earthquakes up close, sentence 17

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Volcanic ash breaks down into very fertile soil, so many farms lie near volcanoes.

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**Who acts:** Volcanic ash, many farms · **What happens:** break down, lie · **To what, where:** fertile soil, volcanoes

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Volcanoes and earthquakes up close» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Volcanic ash, many farms), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:062-volcanoes-and-earthquakes.lesson:17
# text = Volcanic ash breaks down into very fertile soil, so many farms lie near volcanoes.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 062-volcanoes-and-earthquakes.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2
1	Volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing
2	ash	ash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	breaks	break	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	parataxis	_	_
4	down	down	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	fertile	fertile	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=11:advmod
11	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	farms	farm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
13	lie	lie	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	near	near	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	volcanoes	volcano	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=13:punct
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break down** | present | Volcanic ash |  |  |  |  | into fertile soil *result* | vn break-45.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Patient into soil=Result |
| 2 | **lie** | present | many farms |  |  | volcanoes |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent near volcano=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:062-volcanoes-and-earthquakes.lesson:17`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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