---
title: In an earthquake, rocks on both sides of a crack called a fault are… — Volcanoes and earthquakes up close · tree and pragmatics
description: In an earthquake, rocks on both sides of a crack called a fault are pushed for years, bend a little, and then suddenly slip; the energy spreads out as waves through the ground. Who acts: crack, energy. A sentence of the lesson «Volcanoes and earthquakes up close» of the world course of Mova's primar
---

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# Volcanoes and earthquakes up close, sentence 4

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In an earthquake, rocks on both sides of a crack called a fault are pushed for years, bend a little, and then suddenly slip; the energy spreads out as waves through the ground.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** crack, energy · **What happens:** call, push, bend, slip, spread out · **To what, where:** fault, rocks, earthquake, little · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Volcanoes and earthquakes up close» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (crack, energy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:062-volcanoes-and-earthquakes.lesson:4
# text = In an earthquake, rocks on both sides of a crack called a fault are pushed for years, bend a little, and then suddenly slip; the energy spreads out as waves through the ground.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 062-volcanoes-and-earthquakes.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	earthquake	earthquake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
5	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	crack	crack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	fault	fault	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	pushed	push	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	bend	bend	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	obl:unmarked	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
25	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	27	advmod	_	_
26	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
27	slip	slip	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=16:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf
28	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nsubj	_	_
31	spreads	spread	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	parataxis	_	_
32	out	out	ADP	RP	_	31	compound:prt	_	_
33	as	as	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	obl	_	_
35	through	through	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=31:obl
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | participle | a crack *not said here* | a fault |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent fault=Recipient |
| 2 | **push** | present · passive |  | rocks on both sides of a crack |  | a earthquake | year |  | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: subject=Theme in earthquake=Trajectory |
| 3 | **bend** | present |  | a little |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **slip** | present |  |  |  |  | then | suddenly *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 5 | **spread out** | present | the energy |  |  |  |  | as waves through the ground | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:062-volcanoes-and-earthquakes.lesson:4`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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