---
title: Decomposers such as fungi, bacteria and earthworms break down dead m… — Soil and what lives in it · tree and pragmatics
description: Decomposers such as fungi, bacteria and earthworms break down dead matter and return nutrients to the soil. Who acts: Decomposers. A sentence of the lesson «Soil and what lives in it» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Soil and what lives in it, sentence 10

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Decomposers such as fungi, bacteria and earthworms break down dead matter and return nutrients to the soil.

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**Who acts:** Decomposers · **What happens:** break down, return · **To what, where:** dead matter, nutrients, soil

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Soil and what lives in it» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Decomposers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:063-soil-and-what-lives-in-it.lesson:10
# text = Decomposers such as fungi, bacteria and earthworms break down dead matter and return nutrients to the soil.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 063-soil-and-what-lives-in-it.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1
1	Decomposers	decomposer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
2	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	4	case	_	_
3	as	as	ADP	IN	_	2	fixed	_	_
4	fungi	fungi	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	bacteria	bacteria	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=1:conj
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	earthworms	earthworm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
9	break	break	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	down	down	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	matter	matter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	return	return	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=9:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf
15	nutrients	nutrient	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=15:nmod
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break down** | present | Decomposers such fungi and bacteria and earthworms | dead matter |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent matter=Patient |
| 2 | **return** | present | Decomposers such fungi and bacteria and earthworms *not said here* | nutrients |  | the soil |  |  | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent nutrient=Theme to soil=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:063-soil-and-what-lives-in-it.lesson:10`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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