--- title: Earthworms, beetles, woodlice, fungi and bacteria break down dead ma… — Soil and what lives in it · tree and pragmatics description: Earthworms, beetles, woodlice, fungi and bacteria break down dead matter and give its nutrients back to the soil for plants; these are the decomposers. Who acts: Earthworms, these. A sentence of the lesson «Soil and what lives in it» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/63-soil-and-what-lives-in-it/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Soil and what lives in it](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/63-soil-and-what-lives-in-it/) / 4 # Soil and what lives in it, sentence 4 Earthworms, beetles, woodlice, fungi and bacteria break down dead matter and give its nutrients back to the soil for plants; these are the decomposers. **Who acts:** Earthworms, these · **What happens:** break down, give, be · **To what, where:** dead matter, nutrients, decomposers This is a sentence of the lesson «Soil and what lives in it» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Earthworms, these), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:063-soil-and-what-lives-in-it.lesson:4 # text = Earthworms, beetles, woodlice, fungi and bacteria break down dead matter and give its nutrients back to the soil for plants; these are the decomposers. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 063-soil-and-what-lives-in-it.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 Earthworms earthworm NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 nsubj _ _ 2 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 3 beetles beetle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 conj _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 5 woodlice woodlice NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=1:conj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur 6 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 7 fungi fungi NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 conj _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=7:cc 9 bacteria bacteria NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=7:conj 10 break break VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 11 down down ADP RP _ 10 compound:prt _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=7:compound:prt 12 dead dead ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 13 matter matter NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obj _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 15 give give VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=10:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 16 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ _ 17 nutrients nutrient NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obj _ _ 18 back back ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ _ 19 to to ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 soil soil NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obl _ _ 22 for for ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 plants plant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obl _ _ 24 ; ; PUNCT : _ 28 punct _ _ 25 these this PRON DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 28 nsubj _ _ 26 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 28 cop _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 decomposers decomposer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 parataxis _ _ 29 . . PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=28:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **break down** | present | Earthworms and beetles and woodlice and fungi and bacteria | dead matter | | | | | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent matter=Patient | | 2 | **give** | present | Earthworms and beetles and woodlice and fungi and bacteria *not said here* | Soil's nutrients | | | | for plants | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent nutrient=Theme for plant=Asset | | 3 | **is a** | present | these | the decomposers | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:063-soil-and-what-lives-in-it.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Soil and what lives in it, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/63-soil-and-what-lives-in-it/3/) - next →: [Soil and what lives in it, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/63-soil-and-what-lives-in-it/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/63-soil-and-what-lives-in-it/)