--- title: Glaciers, ice ages and polar lands — a lesson of Mova's school · trees and pragmatics description: «Glaciers, ice ages and polar lands», a lesson of the world course of Mova's primary school, sentence by sentence with dependency trees and pragmatics. It begins: A glacier is a huge mass of ice that slowly flows downhill under its own weight. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / Glaciers, ice ages and polar lands # Glaciers, ice ages and polar lands Lesson 65 of the world course of Mova's primary school: 22 sentences, each with its syntax tree and pragmatics. The lessons are written for Mova, and their agreed trees are part of Mova corpus 0.4 (CC BY-SA 4.0). How Mova does on its tests: [the lesson at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands/). - [0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands/0/) — A glacier is a huge mass of ice that slowly flows downhill under its own weight. - [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands/1/) — It forms where more snow falls in winter than melts in summer, so year after year the snow piles up and is pressed into hard blue ice, the way a snowball squeezed in your hands turns icy. - [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands/2/) — A glacier is a giant bulldozer and file: rocks frozen into its bottom scrape the land, so it carves deep valleys shaped like the letter U, digs hollows that later fill as lakes, and drops heaps of mixed rock and clay where it melts. - [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands/3/) — The fjords of Norway are U-shaped valleys later flooded by the sea. - [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands/4/) — An ice age is a long cold time when ice sheets spread over much of the land. - [5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands/5/) — The last cold period ended about 11,700 years ago; at its peak, ice up to 3 kilometres thick covered Canada and northern Europe, and so much water was locked in ice that the sea was about 120 metres lower than today. - [6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands/6/) — The polar lands are cold because sunlight reaches them at a low slant, and white ice reflects most of it back. - [7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands/7/) — Antarctica in the south is a continent of land under an ice sheet, with no people living there for good; the Arctic in the north is mostly an ocean covered by floating sea ice, ringed by lands where people such as the Inuit live. - [8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands/8/) — Ice sheets hold about two thirds of the Earth's fresh water. - [9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands/9/) — When ice on land melts, the sea rises; when floating sea ice melts, the sea hardly changes, just as melting ice cubes do not make a full glass overflow. - [10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands/10/) — A glacier is a large mass of ice that moves slowly downhill. - [11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands/11/) — Glaciers form where more snow falls than melts, year after year. - [12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands/12/) — Glaciers carve valleys shaped like the letter U; rivers cut valleys shaped like the letter V. - [13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands/13/) — A glacier can carry huge boulders far from where they broke off and drop them when the ice melts. - [14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands/14/) — A fjord is a deep U-shaped valley carved by a glacier and later flooded by the sea. - [15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands/15/) — The last ice age ended about 11,700 years ago. - [16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands/16/) — During the last ice age the sea level was about 120 metres lower than today. - [17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands/17/) — Antarctica is a continent of land covered by a thick ice sheet. - [18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands/18/) — The Arctic is mostly an ocean covered with floating sea ice. - [19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands/19/) — Polar bears live in the Arctic and penguins live in the south, mostly around Antarctica. - [21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands/21/) — Melting ice on land raises the sea level; melting floating sea ice hardly changes it. - [22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands/22/) — An iceberg is a piece of ice that has broken off a glacier into the sea, and most of it lies under the water. - ← previous: [Rivers, lakes and the sea up close](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/64-rivers-lakes-and-the-sea/) - next →: [Deserts, rainforests and grasslands](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/66-deserts-rainforests-grasslands/) - ↑ back to [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/)