--- title: A glacier is a giant bulldozer and file: rocks frozen into its botto… — Glaciers, ice ages and polar lands · tree and pragmatics description: A glacier is a giant bulldozer and file: rocks frozen into its bottom scrape the land, so it carves deep valleys shaped like the letter U, digs hollows that later fill as lakes, and drops heaps of mixed rock and clay where it melts. Who acts: glacier, rocks, hollows. A sentence of the lesson «Glacie --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Glaciers, ice ages and polar lands](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands/) / 2 # Glaciers, ice ages and polar lands, sentence 2 A glacier is a giant bulldozer and file: rocks frozen into its bottom scrape the land, so it carves deep valleys shaped like the letter U, digs hollows that later fill as lakes, and drops heaps of mixed rock and clay where it melts. **Who acts:** glacier, rocks, hollows · **What happens:** be, freeze, scrape, carve, shape, dig · **To what, where:** giant bulldozer, rocks, bottom, land, deep valleys, hollows This is a sentence of the lesson «Glaciers, ice ages and polar lands» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (glacier, rocks, hollows), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:065-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands.lesson:2 # text = A glacier is a giant bulldozer and file: rocks frozen into its bottom scrape the land, so it carves deep valleys shaped like the letter U, digs hollows that later fill as lakes, and drops heaps of mixed rock and clay where it melts. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 065-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 glacier glacier NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 giant giant ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 bulldozer bulldozer NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 file file NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 conj _ _ 9 : : PUNCT : _ 10 punct _ _ 10 rocks rock NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 nsubj _ _ 11 frozen freeze VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 10 acl _ _ 12 into into ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ _ 14 bottom bottom NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ _ 15 scrape scrape VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:conj 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obj _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 19 so so ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 20 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nsubj _ _ 21 carves carve VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 conj _ _ 22 deep deep ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 valleys valley NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obj _ _ 24 shaped shape VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 23 acl _ _ 25 like like ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 letter letter NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obl _ _ 28 U U PROPN NNP Number=Sing 27 appos _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 30 digs dig VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 conj _ _ 31 hollows hollow NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 obj _ _ 32 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 34 nsubj _ _ 33 later late ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 34 advmod _ _ 34 fill fill VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 acl:relcl _ _ 35 as as ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 lakes lake NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 obl _ _ 37 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 38 and and CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ _ 39 drops drop VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 conj _ _ 40 heaps heap NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 obj _ _ 41 of of ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 42 mixed mix VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 43 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=43:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 43 rock rock NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 nmod _ _ 44 and and CCONJ CC _ 45 cc _ _ 45 clay clay NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 conj _ _ 46 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 48 advmod _ _ 47 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 48 nsubj _ _ 48 melts melt VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 39 advcl _ _ 49 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | a glacier | a giant bulldozer and file | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **freeze** | participle | | rocks *not said here* | | glacier's bottom | | | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **scrape** | present | rocks | the land | | | | | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Patient | | 4 | **carve** | present | glacier | deep valleys | | | | | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent valley=Theme | | 5 | **shape** | participle | | deep valleys *not said here* | | | | like the letter | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | | 6 | **dig** | present | glacier *not said here* | hollows | | | | | vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent hollow=Theme | | 7 | **fill** | present | hollows | | | | | as lakes; late *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 8 | **drop** | present | rocks *not said here* | heaps of mixed rock and clay | | | | | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heap=Theme | | 9 | **mix** | participle | | | | | | | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | | 10 | **melt** | present | glacier | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:065-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Glaciers, ice ages and polar lands, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands/1/) - next →: [Glaciers, ice ages and polar lands, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands/)