--- title: The last cold period ended about 11,700 years ago; at its peak, ice… — Glaciers, ice ages and polar lands · tree and pragmatics description: The last cold period ended about 11,700 years ago; at its peak, ice up to 3 kilometres thick covered Canada and northern Europe, and so much water was locked in ice that the sea was about 120 metres lower than today. Who acts: last cold period, ice, Canada, sea. A sentence of the lesson «Glaciers, i --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Glaciers, ice ages and polar lands](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands/) / 5 # Glaciers, ice ages and polar lands, sentence 5 The last cold period ended about 11,700 years ago; at its peak, ice up to 3 kilometres thick covered Canada and northern Europe, and so much water was locked in ice that the sea was about 120 metres lower than today. **Who acts:** last cold period, ice, Canada, sea · **What happens:** ended, cover, lock, be · **To what, where:** Canada, much water, ice This is a sentence of the lesson «Glaciers, ice ages and polar lands» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (last cold period, ice, Canada, sea), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:065-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands.lesson:5 # text = The last cold period ended about 11,700 years ago; at its peak, ice up to 3 kilometres thick covered Canada and northern Europe, and so much water was locked in ice that the sea was about 120 metres lower than today. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 065-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 2 last last ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 3 cold cold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 period period NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 5 ended ended VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 about about ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ _ 7 11,700 11,700 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 8 nummod _ _ 8 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obl:unmarked _ _ 9 ago ago ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 10 ; ; PUNCT : _ 15 punct _ _ 11 at at ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ _ 13 peak peak NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obl _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 15 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ _ 16 up up ADV RB _ 19 advmod _ _ 17 to to ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 3 3 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 19 nummod _ _ 19 kilometres kilometre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 nmod _ _ 20 thick thick ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 21 covered cover VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:conj 22 Canada Canada PROPN NNP Number=Sing 21 obj _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 24 northern northern ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ _ 25 Europe Europe PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 conj _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 28 so so ADV RB _ 29 advmod _ _ 29 much much ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=30:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 30 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nsubj:pass _ _ 31 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 32 aux:pass _ _ 32 locked lock VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 22 acl:relcl _ _ 33 in in ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 34 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=32:obj 35 that that SCONJ IN _ 42 mark _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 nsubj _ _ 38 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 42 cop _ _ 39 about about ADV RB _ 40 advmod _ _ 40 120 120 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 41 nummod _ _ 41 metres metre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 42 obl:unmarked _ _ 42 lower low ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 32 advcl _ _ 43 than than ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 44 today today NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 obl _ _ 45 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **ended** | past | the last cold period | | | | | ago *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **cover** | past | ice to 3 kilometres | | Canada and northern Europe | | | | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme canada=Destination | | 3 | **lock** | past · passive | Canada and northern Europe *not said here* | much water | | ice | | | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | | 4 | **is** | past | the sea | | | | today | 120 metres *obl:unmarked*; low *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:065-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Glaciers, ice ages and polar lands, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands/4/) - next →: [Glaciers, ice ages and polar lands, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands/)