--- title: A cloud is made of billions of tiny water droplets or ice crystals,… — Clouds, rain, snow and hail · tree and pragmatics description: A cloud is made of billions of tiny water droplets or ice crystals, so small that the gentlest rising air keeps them floating; a cloud is not water vapour, which is invisible. Who acts: gentlest rising air, crystals, cloud, water vapour. A sentence of the lesson «Clouds, rain, snow and hail» of the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/67-clouds-rain-snow-hail/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Clouds, rain, snow and hail](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/67-clouds-rain-snow-hail/) / 0 # Clouds, rain, snow and hail, sentence 0 A cloud is made of billions of tiny water droplets or ice crystals, so small that the gentlest rising air keeps them floating; a cloud is not water vapour, which is invisible. **Who acts:** gentlest rising air, crystals, cloud, water vapour · **What happens:** make, rise, keep, float, not be, be · **To what, where:** cloud, crystals, water vapour This is a sentence of the lesson «Clouds, rain, snow and hail» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gentlest rising air, crystals, cloud, water vapour), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:067-clouds-rain-snow-hail.lesson:0 # text = A cloud is made of billions of tiny water droplets or ice crystals, so small that the gentlest rising air keeps them floating; a cloud is not water vapour, which is invisible. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 067-clouds-rain-snow-hail.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 cloud cloud NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 4 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 billions billion NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 7 of of ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 8 tiny tiny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 9 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 compound _ _ 10 droplets droplet NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nmod _ _ 11 or or CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 12 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 compound _ _ 13 crystals crystal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 conj _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 15 so so ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 16 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 parataxis _ _ 17 that that SCONJ IN _ 22 mark _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 19 gentlest gentle ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 21 amod _ _ 20 rising rise VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 21 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=21:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 21 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ _ 22 keeps keep VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 advcl _ _ 23 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 obj _ _ 24 floating float VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 22 xcomp _ _ 25 ; ; PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 26 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 cloud cloud NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ _ 28 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 cop _ _ 29 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 31 advmod _ _ 30 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 compound _ _ 31 vapour vapour NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:obl 32 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 33 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 35 nsubj _ _ 34 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 35 cop _ _ 35 invisible invisible ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 acl:relcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=31:appos 36 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **make** | present · passive | | a cloud | | | | of billions of tiny water droplets or ice crystals | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | | 2 | **rise** | gerund | | | | | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **keep** | present | the gentlest rising air | crystals *= crystal* | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **float** | gerund | crystals *= crystal* *not said here* | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **not** **is a** | present | a cloud | water vapour | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **is** | present | water vapour | | | | | invisible *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:067-clouds-rain-snow-hail.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Deserts, rainforests and grasslands, 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/66-deserts-rainforests-grasslands/21/) - next →: [Clouds, rain, snow and hail, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/67-clouds-rain-snow-hail/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/67-clouds-rain-snow-hail/)