---
title: Dew is water vapour that condenses on cold surfaces; frost forms whe… — Clouds, rain, snow and hail · tree and pragmatics
description: Dew is water vapour that condenses on cold surfaces; frost forms when the surface is below freezing. Who acts: Dew, water vapour, frost, surface. A sentence of the lesson «Clouds, rain, snow and hail» of the world course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every c
---

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# Clouds, rain, snow and hail, sentence 18

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dew is water vapour that condenses on cold surfaces; frost forms when the surface is below freezing.

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**Who acts:** Dew, water vapour, frost, surface · **What happens:** be, condense, form · **To what, where:** water vapour, cold surfaces, freezing

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Clouds, rain, snow and hail» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dew, water vapour, frost, surface), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:067-clouds-rain-snow-hail.lesson:18
# text = Dew is water vapour that condenses on cold surfaces; frost forms when the surface is below freezing.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 067-clouds-rain-snow-hail.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Dew	dew	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	vapour	vapour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	condenses	condense	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	surfaces	surface	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
10	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	frost	frost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	forms	form	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
13	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	18	mark	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
17	below	below	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	freezing	freezing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	advcl	_	_
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Dew | water vapour |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **condense** | present | water vapour |  |  | cold surfaces |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **form** | present | frost |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **is** | present | the surface |  |  | freezing |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:067-clouds-rain-snow-hail.lesson:18`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Clouds, rain, snow and hail, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/67-clouds-rain-snow-hail/17/)
- next →: [Clouds, rain, snow and hail, 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/67-clouds-rain-snow-hail/19/)
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