--- title: Clouds have names by their shape and height: cumulus are white puffy… — Clouds, rain, snow and hail · tree and pragmatics description: Clouds have names by their shape and height: cumulus are white puffy heaps of fair weather; stratus are flat grey sheets that may bring drizzle; cirrus are thin wisps of ice high up; a cumulonimbus is a towering storm cloud that brings heavy rain, thunder and sometimes hail. Who acts: Clouds, cumulu --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/67-clouds-rain-snow-hail/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Clouds, rain, snow and hail](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/67-clouds-rain-snow-hail/) / 2 # Clouds, rain, snow and hail, sentence 2 Clouds have names by their shape and height: cumulus are white puffy heaps of fair weather; stratus are flat grey sheets that may bring drizzle; cirrus are thin wisps of ice high up; a cumulonimbus is a towering storm cloud that brings heavy rain, thunder and sometimes hail. **Who acts:** Clouds, cumulus, stratus, flat grey sheets, cirrus, cumulonimbus · **What happens:** have, be, bring, tower, name · **To what, where:** names, white puffy heaps, flat grey sheets, drizzle, thin wisps, towering storm cloud This is a sentence of the lesson «Clouds, rain, snow and hail» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Clouds, cumulus, stratus, flat grey sheets), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:067-clouds-rain-snow-hail.lesson:2 # text = Clouds have names by their shape and height: cumulus are white puffy heaps of fair weather; stratus are flat grey sheets that may bring drizzle; cirrus are thin wisps of ice high up; a cumulonimbus is a towering storm cloud that brings heavy rain, thunder and sometimes hail. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 067-clouds-rain-snow-hail.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Clouds cloud NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 names name NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 4 by by ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ _ 6 shape shape NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nmod _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 height height NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 conj _ _ 9 : : PUNCT : _ 10 punct _ _ 10 cumulus cumulus NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ _ 11 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 cop _ _ 12 white white ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 13 puffy puffy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 heaps heap NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 parataxis _ _ 15 of of ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 fair fair ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 17 weather weather NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nmod _ _ 18 ; ; PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 19 stratus stratus NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ _ 20 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 cop _ _ 21 flat flat ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 22 grey grey ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 sheets sheet NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 parataxis _ _ 24 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 26 nsubj _ _ 25 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 26 aux _ _ 26 bring bring VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 23 acl:relcl _ _ 27 drizzle drizzle NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obj _ _ 28 ; ; PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 29 cirrus cirrus NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nsubj _ _ 30 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 32 cop _ _ 31 thin thin ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 amod _ _ 32 wisps wisp NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 parataxis _ _ 33 of of ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 34 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nmod _ _ 35 high high ADV RB _ 36 advmod _ _ 36 up up ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ _ 37 ; ; PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 38 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 39 cumulonimbus cumulonimbus NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 nsubj _ _ 40 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 44 cop _ _ 41 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 44 det _ _ 42 towering tower VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 44 amod _ _ 43 storm storm NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 compound _ _ 44 cloud cloud NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ _ 45 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 46 nsubj _ _ 46 brings bring VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 44 acl:relcl _ _ 47 heavy heavy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 48 amod _ _ 48 rain rain NOUN NN Number=Sing 46 obj _ _ 49 , , PUNCT , _ 50 punct _ _ 50 thunder thunder NOUN NN Number=Sing 48 conj _ _ 51 and and CCONJ CC _ 53 cc _ _ 52 sometimes sometimes ADV RB PronType=Ind 53 advmod _ _ 53 hail hail NOUN NN Number=Sing 48 conj _ _ 54 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | Clouds | names | | | | by names's shape and height | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Patient | | 2 | **is a** | present | cumulus | white puffy heaps | | | | of fair weather | tree rules | | 3 | **is a** | present | stratus | flat grey sheets | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **bring** | may | flat grey sheets | drizzle | | | | | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent drizzle=Theme | | 5 | **is a** | present | cirrus | thin wisps | | | | of ice | tree rules | | 6 | **tower** | gerund | | | | | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 7 | **is a** | present | a cumulonimbus | a towering storm cloud | | | | | tree rules | | 8 | **bring** | present | a towering storm cloud | heavy rain and thunder and hail | | | | | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent rain=Theme | | 9 | **name** | | names's shape and height | | | | | | nom name «communication transitive»: by=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:067-clouds-rain-snow-hail.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Clouds, rain, snow and hail, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/67-clouds-rain-snow-hail/1/) - next →: [Clouds, rain, snow and hail, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/67-clouds-rain-snow-hail/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/67-clouds-rain-snow-hail/)