--- title: In cold clouds, raindrops usually start as ice: crystals grow on spe… — Clouds, rain, snow and hail · tree and pragmatics description: In cold clouds, raindrops usually start as ice: crystals grow on specks of dust, collect into snowflakes, and melt into rain on the way down if the air near the ground is warm. Who acts: raindrops, crystals, air. A sentence of the lesson «Clouds, rain, snow and hail» of the world course of Mova's pr --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/67-clouds-rain-snow-hail/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Clouds, rain, snow and hail](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/67-clouds-rain-snow-hail/) / 4 # Clouds, rain, snow and hail, sentence 4 In cold clouds, raindrops usually start as ice: crystals grow on specks of dust, collect into snowflakes, and melt into rain on the way down if the air near the ground is warm. **Who acts:** raindrops, crystals, air · **What happens:** start, grow, collect, melt, be · **To what, where:** cold clouds, specks, snowflakes, rain This is a sentence of the lesson «Clouds, rain, snow and hail» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (raindrops, crystals, air), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:067-clouds-rain-snow-hail.lesson:4 # text = In cold clouds, raindrops usually start as ice: crystals grow on specks of dust, collect into snowflakes, and melt into rain on the way down if the air near the ground is warm. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 067-clouds-rain-snow-hail.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 In in ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 cold cold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 clouds cloud NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:nsubj 4 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 5 raindrops raindrop NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:conj 6 usually usually ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ _ 7 start start VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 as as ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 10 : : PUNCT : _ 12 punct _ _ 11 crystals crystal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 nsubj _ _ 12 grow grow VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:conj 13 on on ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 specks speck NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obl _ _ 15 of of ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 dust dust NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nmod _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 18 collect collect VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=12:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 19 into into ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 snowflakes snowflake NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obl _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 23 melt melt VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 24 into into ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 rain rain NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ _ 26 on on ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ _ 29 down down ADV RB _ 28 advmod _ _ 30 if if SCONJ IN _ 37 mark _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 nsubj _ _ 33 near near ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 ground ground NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nmod _ _ 36 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 37 cop _ _ 37 warm warm ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 advcl _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **start** | present | raindrops | | | cold clouds | | as ice; usually *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | | 2 | **grow** | present | crystals | | | specks of dust | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on speck=Location | | 3 | **collect** | present | crystals *not said here* | | | snowflakes | | | vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material into snowflake=Product | | 4 | **melt** | present | raindrops *not said here* | | | rain | | on the way | vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material into rain=Product | | 5 | **is** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | the air near the ground | | | | | warm *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:067-clouds-rain-snow-hail.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Clouds, rain, snow and hail, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/67-clouds-rain-snow-hail/2/) - next →: [Clouds, rain, snow and hail, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/67-clouds-rain-snow-hail/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/67-clouds-rain-snow-hail/)