---
title: Hail is made only in tall thunderstorm clouds: strong winds inside c… — Clouds, rain, snow and hail · tree and pragmatics
description: Hail is made only in tall thunderstorm clouds: strong winds inside carry a frozen drop up and down again and again, and each trip adds a new layer of ice, like the layers of an onion, until the hailstone is too heavy and falls, even in summer. Who acts: strong winds, trip, hailstone. A sentence of t
---

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# Clouds, rain, snow and hail, sentence 6

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Hail is made only in tall thunderstorm clouds: strong winds inside carry a frozen drop up and down again and again, and each trip adds a new layer of ice, like the layers of an onion, until the hailstone is too heavy and falls, even in summer.

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**Who acts:** strong winds, trip, hailstone · **What happens:** make, carry, freeze, add, be, fall · **To what, where:** Hail, tall thunderstorm clouds, frozen drop, new layer

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Clouds, rain, snow and hail» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (strong winds, trip, hailstone), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:world:067-clouds-rain-snow-hail.lesson:6
# text = Hail is made only in tall thunderstorm clouds: strong winds inside carry a frozen drop up and down again and again, and each trip adds a new layer of ice, like the layers of an onion, until the hailstone is too heavy and falls, even in summer.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = world
# lesson = 067-clouds-rain-snow-hail.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2
1	Hail	hail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	thunderstorm	thunderstorm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	winds	wind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
12	inside	inside	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=13:advmod
13	carry	carry	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	frozen	freeze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	amod	_	_
16	drop	drop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
17	up	up	ADP	RP	_	16	compound:prt	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
19	down	down	ADV	RB	_	17	conj	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=20:advmod
20	again	again	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	again	again	ADV	RB	_	20	conj	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
25	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	26	det	_	_
26	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj	_	_
27	adds	add	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	_
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
34	like	like	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	layers	layer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obj	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	onion	onion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	_
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
41	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	46	mark	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	hailstone	hailstone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	nsubj	_	_
44	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	46	cop	_	_
45	too	too	ADV	RB	_	46	advmod	_	_
46	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	advcl	_	_
47	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	48	cc	_	_
48	falls	fall	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	46	conj	_	_
49	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	52	punct	_	_
50	even	even	ADV	RB	_	52	advmod	_	_
51	in	in	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
52	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	obl	_	_
53	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | Hail |  | tall thunderstorm clouds and strong winds |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **carry** | present | strong winds *not said here* | a frozen drop |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent drop=Theme |
| 3 | **freeze** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **add** *speech: assert* | present | each trip | a new layer of ice |  |  | again |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **is** | present | the hailstone |  |  |  |  | heavy *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **fall** | present | the hailstone *not said here* |  |  |  | summer |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:067-clouds-rain-snow-hail.lesson:6`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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