--- title: On clear calm nights the ground cools, and water vapour from the air… — Clouds, rain, snow and hail · tree and pragmatics description: On clear calm nights the ground cools, and water vapour from the air condenses on cold grass as dew; when the grass is below freezing, the vapour turns straight into ice crystals called frost. Who acts: ground, water vapour, grass, vapour. A sentence of the lesson «Clouds, rain, snow and hail» of th --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/67-clouds-rain-snow-hail/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Clouds, rain, snow and hail](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/67-clouds-rain-snow-hail/) / 7 # Clouds, rain, snow and hail, sentence 7 On clear calm nights the ground cools, and water vapour from the air condenses on cold grass as dew; when the grass is below freezing, the vapour turns straight into ice crystals called frost. **Who acts:** ground, water vapour, grass, vapour, ice crystals · **What happens:** cool, condense, be, turn, call · **To what, where:** cold grass, freezing, ice crystals, frost · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Clouds, rain, snow and hail» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ground, water vapour, grass, vapour), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:067-clouds-rain-snow-hail.lesson:7 # text = On clear calm nights the ground cools, and water vapour from the air condenses on cold grass as dew; when the grass is below freezing, the vapour turns straight into ice crystals called frost. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 067-clouds-rain-snow-hail.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 On on ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 2 clear clear ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 3 calm calm ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 nights night NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=31:obl 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 ground ground NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 7 cools cool VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 advcl _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=11:punct 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=7:cc 10 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 compound _ _ 11 vapour vapour NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ _ 12 from from ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nmod _ _ 15 condenses condense VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 16 on on ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 cold cold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 grass grass NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obl _ _ 19 as as ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 dew dew NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=18:nmod 21 ; ; PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 22 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 27 advmod _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 grass grass NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ _ 25 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 cop _ _ 26 below below ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 freezing freezing NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 advcl _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 vapour vapour NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ _ 31 turns turn VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 32 straight straight ADV RB _ 35 advmod _ _ 33 into into ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 compound _ _ 35 crystals crystal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=31:obj 36 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 35 acl _ _ 37 frost frost NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 xcomp _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=31:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **cool** | present | the ground | | | | night | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 2 | **condense** | present | water vapour from the air | | | cold grass | | as dew | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **is** | present | the grass | | | freezing | | | tree rules | | 4 | **turn** | present | the vapour | | | ice crystals | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into crystal=Trajectory | | 5 | **call** | participle | ice crystals *not said here* | frost | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:067-clouds-rain-snow-hail.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Clouds, rain, snow and hail, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/67-clouds-rain-snow-hail/6/) - next →: [Clouds, rain, snow and hail, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/67-clouds-rain-snow-hail/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/67-clouds-rain-snow-hail/)