--- title: Almost all the weather happens in the lowest layer, the troposphere,… — Wind and the air around the Earth · tree and pragmatics description: Almost all the weather happens in the lowest layer, the troposphere, which is only about 12 kilometres thick, and in it the air gets colder as you climb, which is why mountain tops are snowy. Who acts: weather, troposphere, air, you. A sentence of the lesson «Wind and the air around the Earth» of th --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/69-wind-and-the-atmosphere/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/) / [Wind and the air around the Earth](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/69-wind-and-the-atmosphere/) / 3 # Wind and the air around the Earth, sentence 3 Almost all the weather happens in the lowest layer, the troposphere, which is only about 12 kilometres thick, and in it the air gets colder as you climb, which is why mountain tops are snowy. **Who acts:** weather, troposphere, air, you · **What happens:** happen, be, get, climb · **To what, where:** lowest layer, weather This is a sentence of the lesson «Wind and the air around the Earth» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (weather, troposphere, air, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:world:069-wind-and-the-atmosphere.lesson:3 # text = Almost all the weather happens in the lowest layer, the troposphere, which is only about 12 kilometres thick, and in it the air gets colder as you climb, which is why mountain tops are snowy. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = world # lesson = 069-wind-and-the-atmosphere.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Almost almost ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ _ 2 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 4 det:predet _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 weather weather NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 5 happens happen VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 in in ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 lowest low ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 9 amod _ _ 9 layer layer NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 troposphere troposphere NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 appos _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 14 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 20 nsubj _ _ 15 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 cop _ _ 16 only only ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 17 about about ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 18 12 12 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 19 nummod _ _ 19 kilometres kilometre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obl:unmarked _ _ 20 thick thick ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 acl:relcl _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 23 in in ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 obl _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ _ 27 gets get VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 conj _ _ 28 colder cold ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 27 xcomp _ _ 29 as as SCONJ IN _ 31 mark _ _ 30 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 31 nsubj _ _ 31 climb climb VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 advcl _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 33 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 39 nsubj _ _ 34 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 39 cop _ _ 35 why why ADV WRB PronType=Int 39 advmod _ _ 36 mountain mountain NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 compound _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=37:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 37 tops top NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 nsubj _ _ 38 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 39 cop _ _ 39 snowy snowy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 ccomp _ _ 40 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **happen** | present | all weather | | | the lowest layer | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in layer=Location | | 2 | **is** | present | the troposphere | | | | | 12 kilometres *obl:unmarked*; thick *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **get** | present | the air | | | weather | | cold *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer | | 4 | **climb** | present | you | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **is** | present | | | | | | snowy *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:world:069-wind-and-the-atmosphere.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Wind and the air around the Earth, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/69-wind-and-the-atmosphere/2/) - next →: [Wind and the air around the Earth, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/69-wind-and-the-atmosphere/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/69-wind-and-the-atmosphere/)